自主抑或效率:挪威高校学院治理结构的变革与启示

Autonomy or Effectiveness:The Reform of the Faculty-level Governance Structure of Norwegian Universities and implications

挪威高校学院治理的自主和效率价值张力推动其治理结构变革。在欧洲区域一体进程、政策驱动远程调控与组织强化行政集权环境驱动下,挪威高校学院不再保留学术自主与行政科层二分治理结构,转变为以学院董事会为核心的统合型结构,在成员产生、席位结构、权责范围三个维度展现变革特征。学院在应对“自下而上”的自主传统与“自上而下”的科层效率矛盾时,积淀了治理结构变革的经验,也面对自主惯性抑制科层管理的扩张、集权向上的行政管理触及自主和动态平衡求自主与重效率两难的多重挑战。反思挪威高校学院治理结构变革成效,我国应重塑学院治理结构自主基础,完善学院治理结构立法保障,助推自主与效率价值有效耦合。

The value tension between autonomy and efficiency in the governance of Norwegian colleges and institutions is driving structural reforms.Under the influences of European regional integration,policy-driven remote regulation,and an environment that strengthens centralized administrative power,Norwegian universities did not retain the gov⁃ernance structure that separates academic autonomy from administrative hierarchy.They are using an integrated structure with the faculty board at the core,demonstrating characteristics of transformation in terms of member generation,seat structure,and scope of responsi⁃bilities.As these institutions have dealt with the tensions between the traditional"bottomup"autonomy and the hierarchical efficiency of"top-down"approaches,they have accumu⁃lated experiences in governance structural reform.However,they also face challenges such as the expansion of linear management inhibiting autonomy inertia,the effect of centralized upward administrative management on autonomy,and how to maintain the dynamic balance between seeking autonomy while prioritizing efficiency.Reflecting on the effectiveness of governance structural reforms in Norwegian universities implies the significance of reshap⁃ing the autonomous foundation of faculty-level governance structures,enhancing legislative support for faculty-level governance structures,and promoting the effective coupling of autonomy and efficiency values.