日本“学习者本位”高等教育改革:背景、目标与进展

Japan's"Learner-Centered"Higher Education Reform:Background,Goals and Progress

在社会急剧变革、教育人口不断减少的背景下,日本高等教育为“最大化发展每个人的潜能”确立了“学习者本位”的改革方针,以提高教育质量、回应时代要求。日本“学习者本位”高等教育改革的人才培养目标聚焦核心素养,希望实现从教学范式向学习范式的转变,通过学习成果的可视化重构质量保障,让高等教育融入终身学习体系。为了达成这一改革目标,近年来日本高等教育广纳多样化学习者,扩大教育对象范围;推进文理融合教育,从学习者的角度进行专业重组;强化出口质量保障,建立教学管理体制、凸显各大学的优势与特色;同时积极完善大学撤并机制,以保护学习者权益。

Against the backdrop of rapid social change and a declining educated population,Japanese higher education has established a"learner-centered"approach to reform in order to"maximize the development of each individual's potential"and to improve the quality of education in response to the demands of the times.The goal of Japan's"learnercentered"higher education reform focuses on key competencies,hoping to achieve a shift from a teaching paradigm to a learning paradigm,reconstruct quality assurance through the visualization of learning outcomes,and integrate higher education into a lifelong learning system.In order to achieve this reform goal,in recent years,Japanese higher education has broadened the scope of education by including a wide range of diverse learners;promoted integrated arts and sciences education and reorganized specialties from the perspective of learners;strengthened export quality assurance,established a teaching management system,and highlighted the strengths and characteristics of universities;and actively improved the mechanism for the merger of universities in order to protect the rights and interests of learners.