护理人员老年歧视的潜在剖面分析

Latent profile analysis of ageism among nursing staff

目的分析护理人员老年歧视潜在类别及影响因素。方法2023年7月至10月,采用便利抽样法选取湖南省6所医院的405名护理人员为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、老年歧视量表、职业认同评定量表及衰老焦虑量表对护理人员进行问卷调查。结果护理人员老年歧视分为低老年歧视组(24.20%)、中老年歧视组(49.14%)、高老年歧视组(26.67%)3种潜在类别,无序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,医院等级(OR=0.275、0.246)、老年护理工作意向(OR=0.094)、工作之外与老年人接触频率(OR=0.160)、职业认同(OR=1.132、1.037、0.916)、衰老焦虑(OR=0.842、0.905、1.075)是护理人员老年歧视潜在类别的影响因素。结论护理人员老年歧视处于中低水平,3个类别在医院等级、老年护理工作意向、工作之外与老年人接触频率、职业认同、衰老焦虑上具有显著差异。提示护理管理者应关注年轻护士,加强老年教育,完善老年护理培养体系,重视其职业认同感的培养,并激励其增加与老年人的日常接触与良性沟通。

Objective To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of ageism among nursing staff.Methods From July to October 2023,405 nursing staff from 6 hospitals in Hu'nan Province were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method.General data questionnaire,Chinese-fraboni scale of ageism,the professional identityscale,anxiety about aging scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on nursing staff.Results Ageism of nursing staff was divided into three potential categories:"low ageism group"(24.20%),"middle ageism group"(49.14%)and"high ageism group"(26.67%).The disordered multi-classification Logistic regression analysis showed that,hospital grade(OR=0.275,0.246),intention of nursing care for the aged(OR=0.094),frequency of contact with the elderly outside of work(OR=0.160),occupational identity(OR=1.132,1.037,0.916)and aging anxiety(OR=0.842,0.905,1.075)were the influencing factors of the potential categories of ageism among nursing staff.Conclusion Ageism of nursing staff is at a low to medium level,and the three categories have significant differences in hospital grade,intention of nursing care for the aged,frequency of contact with the elderly outside of work,occupational identity,and aging anxiety.It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to young nurses,strengthen geriatric education,improve the geriatric nursing training system,pay attention to the cultivation of their professional identity,and encourage them to increase daily contact and good communication with the elderly.