新型电力系统下虚拟电厂研究综述与展望

Review and prospect of research on virtual power plant under the new power system

在“双碳”目标之下,新型电力系统的电能供应主体将逐步由化石能源转变为可再生能源,这极大程度上增加了电力系统供需平衡压力。虚拟电厂可通过先进调控技术将海量、分散、多元的分布式资源聚合起来,形成一个可灵活调控的主体,为保证新型电力系统安全可靠运行提供了可行路径。首先,介绍了虚拟电厂的概念与类型;然后,从资源聚合、协同控制、优化调度及商业运营等4个方面分析归纳了现有虚拟电厂关键技术;然后总结了国内外虚拟电厂典型工程案例;最后,指出了虚拟电厂在新型电力系统下面临的挑战,并从虚拟电厂的外特性量化分析、低碳聚合调控、新型商业运营3个方面对新型电力系统下虚拟电厂的发展方向进行了展望。

Under the“double carbon”goal,the power supply subject of the new power system will gradually transform from fossil energy to renewable energy,which greatly increases the pressure on supply and demand for power systems.Virtual power plants can gather massive,decentralized,and diverse distributed resources through advanced regulatory technology to form a subject of flexible regulation,which provides a feasible path for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the new power system.Firstly,the concepts and types of virtual power plant is introduced.Secondly,key technologies of existing virtual power plants are analyzed from four aspects:resource aggregation,cooperative control,optimized scheduling and commercial operation.Then typical project cases of virtual power plants at home and abroad are summarized.Finally,challenges faced by virtual power plants under the new power system are pointed out,and the development direction of virtual power plants under the new power system is expected from three aspects:external specific quantitative analysis,low-carbon aggregation regulation,and new commercial operations.