记录、反思与建构:菲茨杰拉德的小说策略与美国自传文学传统

Recording,Reflecting,and Constructing:Fitzgerald′s Fictional Strategy and American Autobiographical Tradition

关于美国作家菲茨杰拉德小说的自传体风格学界已有共识,但是鲜有人关注菲茨杰拉德自传体书写策略的生成背景及其文体意义。以其处女作《人间天堂》为例,把菲茨杰拉德及其创作活动放置于更为开阔的英美现代主义文学、美国自传文学传统与民族叙事的坐标中,探讨菲茨杰拉德的文体策略选择,有助于重新厘定他在西方现代主义文学运动和美国文学传统中的独特身份和地位。菲茨杰拉德承继富兰克林、惠特曼等开创的美国自传文脉,致力于建构一种新的现代小说叙事学。自传体写作寄托了他对广义的个人、时代和民族观念的别样关怀与深沉思考,彰显了现代性的复杂,具有生命史和民族志的双重美学韵致。

There is a consensus about the autobiographical style of Francis Scott Fitzgerald′s novels,but few people pay attention to the background and stylistic significance of his writing strategy.Taking his debut novel This Side of Paradise as an example,this paper discusses his choice of stylistic strategy and redefines his unique identity and position in the Western modernist movement and American literary tradition by placing him and his creative activities in the broader context of Anglo-American Modernism,American autobiographical tradition and national narrative.Following the tradition of American autobiography created by Franklin and Whitman,Fitzgerald devoted himself to constructing a new modern novel narratology.His autobiographical writing expresses his special concern and deep thinking on the broad concept of individual,time and nation,which reveals the complexity of modernity and has the dual aesthetic charm of life history and ethnography.