“三孩”政策背景下生育支持政策体系建构

Construction of Fertility Support Policy System under the Background of the“Three Child”Policy

老龄化是全球性人口发展大趋势。为释放生育潜能、减缓人口老龄化进程,中国2021年起实施“三孩”政策。以政策对象为切入点,利用扎根理论对目的性抽样的40名访谈对象进行访谈,自下而上探索“三孩”政策执行遇冷的原因及其相应的执行路径。研究发现,执行遇冷实质上是生育群体内压与外压复合效果下的逆向选择。内在致因是目标群体的生育观由“数量”转向“质量”、女性生育风险高及家庭养育支撑不足;外在诱因是经济压力大、职场压力重、生育配套医疗教育不足。据此,建议通过引导生育转型、改善生育环境、加强政策保障等路径构建生育支持体系,提高“三孩”政策执行效果。

Aging is a major trend of global population development.In order to release fertility potential and slow down the aging process of the population,China will implement the“three-child”policy from 2021.Taking the policy object as the starting point,grounded theory is innovatively used to interview 40 interviewees with purposeful sampling,and the reasons for the cold implementation of the“three-child”policy and the corresponding implementation path from the bottom up are explored.It is found that the execution of cold is essentially an adverse selection under the compound effect of internal pressure and external pressure in the reproductive population.The internal causes are the shift from“quantity”to“quality”in the target group’s conception of fertility,the high risk of female fertility and the lack of family parenting support.The external triggers are high economic pressure,heavy workplace pressure,and insufficient medical education for childbirth.Accordingly,it is suggested to guide the transformation of childbirth,improve the fertility environment and strengthen policy guarantees.The fertility support system will be built to improve the implementation effect of the“three-child”policy.