论春秋时期的《诗》乐活动及其文学批评意蕴

On the Activities of Shi music and Their Literary Critical Implications in the Spring and Autumn Period

春秋时期的《诗》乐活动频繁,类型丰富。当时的人们往往会对这些《诗》乐活动进行评论。其中涉及的《诗》乐批评方法多样,有以礼仪论《诗》乐,以政教论《诗》乐,以言志论赋诗等。在形式和内容上确立了礼仪规范、风格和谐、政治兴盛、道德圣明等明确的《诗》乐批评标准,展示了春秋时期诗、乐、礼、舞合一的《诗》乐特征,体现了春秋《诗》乐的体系弘大,制度完善,运作机制成熟。也在一定程度上显露出《诗》乐失所,礼崩乐坏的发展趋势。春秋时期的《诗》乐继承和发展了西周以来的诗言志、和乐、德文化等诗乐批评思想,揭示了声音之道与政通,诗乐与社会发展密切互动的文学批评思想,为《诗》学正变理论之发展、《诗》学艺术手法之分析打下了重要基础,对春秋以降的《诗》学发展产生了深远的影响。

The activities of Shi music during the Spring and Autumn Period were frequent and diverse.People of that time often commented on these activities of Shi music.There were various methods of criticism of Shi music,such as discussing Shi music based on rituals and politicization and indoctrination,and discussing poetry reciting based on the expression of one's aspirations.In terms of form and content,clear standards for Shi music criticism were established,including rituals norms,harmonious style,political prosperity,and moral enlightenment.These activities demonstrated the integrated characteristics of poetry,music,rituals,and dance during the Spring and Autumn Period,and reflected the grandeur of the Shi music system,the perfection of the system,and the maturity of the operational mechanism.To a certain extent,it also revealed the declining trend of Shi music and the breakdown of rituals and music.The Shi music of the Spring and Autumn Period inherited and developed the Shi criticism ideas since the Western Zhou Dynasty,including the expression of aspirations through poetry,the harmony of music and the cultivation of virtue,which revealed the literary criticism idea that the way of sound is connected with politics,and Shi music interact closely with social development.This laid an important foundation for the development of theory of orthodoxy and variation in Shi study and the analysis of artistic techniques in Shi study,and had a profound impact on the development of Shi study since the Spring and Autumn Period.