土壤改进剂在重金属污染修复中的应用研究进展

A review of the application of stabilization remediation in heavy metal contaminated soil

自然和人为活动排放到环境中的重金属可能对人类健康、生态环境、经济和社会发展产生有害影响,因此重金属污染土壤的修复近年来备受关注。在重金属污染土壤的几种修复技术(物理修复、化学修复和生物修复)中,利用土壤改进剂的金属稳定技术受到了相当大的关注,是一种很有前景的土壤化学修复方法。文章综述了近年来国内外土壤改进剂在修复重金属污染土壤方面的研究进展,包括黏土矿物、含磷材料、金属和金属氧化物等无机材料,有机质、城市固体废物和生物炭等有机材料,以及一些有机、无机材料联合施用在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用。这些改进剂通过吸附、络合、沉淀和氧化还原等多种修复过程,有效地降低了土壤中重金属的生物有效性。最后,文章展望了今后的研究方向:应继续加强改进剂的基础理论研究,明确化学稳定过程和重金属修复机制,以促进该领域的发展,为重金属在污染土壤中的稳定修复研究和实践提供有价值的参考。

Heavy metals discharged into the environment by natural and human activities may have harmful consequences on human health,ecological environment,economy and society,so the remediation of the soil contaminated with heavy metal has attracted much attention in recent years.Among several techniques for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil(physical remediation,chemical remediation and biological remediation),the metal stabilization technology using soil improvers has received considerable attention and is a promising method for soil remediation.In this paper,the research progress of soil improvers in remediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil in recent years was reviewed,including inorganic materials such as clay minerals,phosphoruscontaining materials,metals and metal oxides,organic materials such as organic matter,municipal solid waste and biochar,and some combined application of organic and inorganic materials in remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.These improvers effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil through various repair processes such as adsorption,complexation,precipitation and REDOX.Finally,the prospect of future research is put forward,and the basic theoretical research should be strengthened to clarify the chemical stabilization process and heavy metal repair mechanism,so as to broaden the development of this field.It provides a valuable reference for the study and practice of the stability of heavy metals in polluted soil.