丝绸之路交融下早期于阗佛寺壁画中的人体图像研究——以和田达玛沟出土晋代壁画为中心

Human Body Images in the Murals of the Buddhist Temple of Khotan in the Early Period under the Integration of Silk Road——Focusing on the Murals of the Jin Dynasty Unearthed in Damagou,Hotan

21世纪以来在新疆和田策勒县达玛沟古代佛寺遗址的考古发掘中,出土了7块绘制于晋代的壁画残片。这组壁画残片中蕴含着7个裸体、半裸体的伎乐天神人体形象。达玛沟晋代佛寺壁画的艺术风格具有早期犍陀罗艺术的特质,人体造型具有秣菟罗艺术的因素。壁画注重以线描表现人体的审美取向是受中原人体绘画的影响。这组壁画采用倒“U”形图式构图是对大夏—亚里克艺术中“列龛立佛”模式的模拟,线描与晕染相结合的绘画方法,展现出在中原文化影响下早期于阗佛教绘画创作的本土化实践。

Since the 21st century,seven fragments of murals painted during the Jin Dynasty have been unearthed from archaeological excavations at the Damagou Ancient Buddhist Temple Site in Hotan Cele County,Xinjiang.This set of mural fragments contains seven naked and semi-naked human fi gures of the Jile Heavenly God.The artistic style of the Jin Dynasty Buddhist temple murals in Damagou has the characteristics of early Gandhara art,and the human body shape is infl uenced by the elements of Matula art.The aesthetic orientation of murals which emphasize the use of line drawing to depict the human body has been infl uenced by the painting of human bodies in the Central Plains.This group of murals adopts an inverted“U”—shaped composition,which simulates the“niches standing Buddha”mode in the art of Daxia Arik.The painting method combines line drawing and halo dyeing,demonstrating the localization practice of early Khotan Buddhist painting under the infl uence of Central Plains culture.