语言单位划分刍议

On the Division of Language Units

语言是一个层级系统,不同层级的单位具有不同的功能与性质。语言单位是语言系统的重要组成部分,也是研究该语言语法的基础。在不同语言中,确定语言单位的标准不同,对语言单位的称名也不同。通过提炼学界对语言单位划分的代表性观点与新观点,或可从整体(普通语言学)和部分(以汉语、俄语为例)角度把握语言单位的划分,有助于各项语言理论研究与语言教学。

Language is a hierarchical system,and units at different levels have different functions and properties.Language units are an important part of the language system and the basis of studying the grammar.In diff erent languages,the criteria for determining language units and the naming of language units are diff erent.By refi ning the representative views and new views on the division of language units in linguistic researches,we can confi rm the division of language units from the whole(general linguistics)and part perspective(taking Chinese and Russian for examples),which is helpful to the theoretical research of language and language teaching.