2016—2023年青州市水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella from 2016 to 2023 in Qingzhou City

目的分析2016—2023年青州市水痘(varicella)的流行病学特征,为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2016—2023年青州市水痘报告病例数据,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2016—2023年,青州市共报告水痘病例414例,年均报告发病率为5.43/10万;2016—2019年发病率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=63.00,P<0.001),2020—2023年发病率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)=66.01,P=0.001,P<0.05)。全年均有发病,每年4—6月和10月至次年1月为发病高峰期。全市13个街道(镇、区)均有病例发生,其中云门山街道发病率最高(119例,16.55/10万),其次为经济开发区(32例,6.32/10万)和王府街道(72例,5.88/10万);庙子镇发病率最低(7例,2.26/10万)。发病人群男女性别比例为1.17∶1。发病较多的年龄组为10~<15岁组、15~<20岁组、20~<25岁组,病例数分别为74例(17.87%)、130例(31.40%)、64例(15.46%),主要集中于学生、农民和散居儿童。青州市1~<20岁人群水痘疫苗第1剂次接种率为94.80%,第2剂次接种率为76.41%,其中1~<5岁组第1剂次和5~<10岁组第1剂次、第2剂次接种率均较高,15~<20组第1剂次、第2剂次接种率均偏低。结论青州市现有的免疫策略改变了水痘的流行病学特征,使发病年龄后移,中学生和大学生是水痘疫情的高发人群,因此扩大水痘疫苗接种覆盖面和开展加强免疫是非常有必要的。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella disease and varicella vaccine immunization strategies in Qingzhou City from 2016 to 2023,so as to provide a basis for improving varicella prevention and control measures.Methods All the varicella data were collected through the China's Disease Prevention and Control Information System,which were analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results A total of 414 varicella cases were reported with an average annual incidence of 5.43/10~5,shown a downwards trend of incidence from 2020 to 2023(χ^(2)=66.01,P=0.001,P<0.05)although it climbed from 2016 to 2019(χ^(2)=63.00,P<0.001).The disease occurred throughout the year,with peak periods from April to June and from October to January of the following year.All 13 towns and subdistricts in the city reported cases,and Yunmenshan Subdistrict had the highest incidence rate(119 cases,16.55/10~5),followed by Economic Development Zone(32 cases,6.32/10~5)and Wangfu Subdistrict(72 cases,5.88/10~5);Miaozi Town had the lowest incidence rate(7 cases,2.26/10~5).The incidence of male-to-female ratio was 1.17∶1,and majority of cases were students,farmers and scattered children.The age groups with higher varicella incidence were 10-<15(74 cases,17.87%),15-<20(130 cases,31.40%),20-<25(64 cases,15.46%).The first-dose and second-dose vaccination rate of VarV in the population less than 20 years old were 94.80%and 76.41%respectively,among which,the higher coverage rates were mainly concentrated in age groups of 1-<5(only first-dose)and 5-<10,while the rate in age-group of 15-<20 was lower.Conclusion The existing immunization strategy in Qingzhou City has changed the epidemiological characteristics of varicella,causing the age of onset to shift back.Now middle school and college students are become the high-risk groups for varicella outbreaks,which emphasizes the necessary to expand the coverage of VarV and booster immunization.