细菌外膜囊泡疫苗的研究进展

Research progress of bacterial outer membrane vesicle vaccines

细菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)是细菌在生长过程中由出芽形成的纳米球状小泡,与细菌的外膜和周质具有相似的组成,且有良好的免疫原性、自佐剂活性和易于被免疫细胞摄取的特性,已成为一种新兴的疫苗研发平台。目前,OMVs疫苗已成功应用于预防B群脑膜炎球菌,针对其他病原体的OMVs疫苗也逐步进入临床阶段。通过基因工程对细菌进行遗传改造,可提高OMVs产量,减少其内毒素毒性并呈递抗原。现就OMVs疫苗的研究进展作一概述。

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs),which are nano vesicles formed by bacterial during growth,have a similar composition to the outer membrane and periplasm of bacteria.The OMVs have advantages of excellent immunogenicity,self-adjuvant activity and enhanced uptake by immune cells,making it an emerging platform for vaccine development.Currently,a few licensed OMV-based vaccines have been successfully applied to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B infection,and several candidates against other pathogens are evaluated in clinical trials.Besides,genetic modification technologies are carried out to alter properties of derived OMVs(e.g.,increased yield,decreased endotoxicity and improved antigen delivery).This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress on OMVs vaccines.