某电子制造企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

Influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among electronics manufacturing workers

目的了解电子制造企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法,选择某电子制造企业515名员工作为研究对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》(电子版)调查其WMSDs发生情况和影响因素。结果该电子制造企业工人WMSDs总发生率50.1%,以颈、肩部WMSDs发生率较高,分别为23.1%、18.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性、身体状况一般、长时间坐位、每周工作41~48 h、颈部大幅度前倾是颈部WMSDs发生的危险因素(P<0.05),休息时间充足为保护因素(P<0.05);身体状况一般、长时间坐位、每次搬运重物≥20 kg、每周工作41~48 h、颈部大幅度前倾是肩部WMSDs发生的危险因素(P<0.05),与同事轮流完成工作、在同一车间完成工作、休息时间充足是肩部WMSDs的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论电子制造企业工人WMSDs发生率较高,以颈、肩部高发,个体特征、工作类型、工作组织及工作姿势均为颈、肩部WMSDs发生的影响因素。电子制造企业可从个人及职业特点出发,采取综合性措施降低工人WMSDs发生风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among electronics manufacturing workers.Methods A total of 515 workers were selected as participants in a electronics manufacturing enterprise by cluster sampling.The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire(electronic version)was used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs.Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 50.1%among electronics manufacturing workers.The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and shoulder was higher than other body parts,with 23.1%and 18.8%,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female,moderate physical health,long-time sitting,long working hours(41~48 h per week)and heavily neck tilting forward were the risk factors of neck WMSDs(P<0.05),while sufficient rest time were the protective factors of neck WMSDs(P<0.05);moderate physical health,long-time sitting,handling heavy objects(≥20 kg),long working hours(41~48 h per week)and heavily neck tilting forward were the risk factors of shoulder WMSDs(P<0.05),while taking turns and working together in the workplace with colleagues,and sufficient rest time were the protective factors of shoulder WMSDs(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among electronics manufacturing workers was high,and the most common WMSDs occurred in neck and shoulder.Individual characteristic,worktype,work organization and work posture are the factors that influence the occurrence of neck and shoulder WMSDs.Comprehensive measures based on personal and occupational characteristics should be taken to reduce the risk of WMSDs among electronics manufacturing workers.