新冠病毒感染疫情视角下进口冷链水产品的海关准入风险研究

Study on Customs access risk of imported cold chain aquatic products based on COVID-19 epidemic

目的从新冠病毒感染疫情的视角,分析进口冷链水产品的新冠病毒核酸检出数据,探究其原因并提出相应建议,为进口冷链水产品的海关准入提供参考。方法在海关总署官网上收集2020年7月—2022年6月海关总署对我国进口冷链食品的紧急预防性措施通报,提取来源国家(地区)、食品名称及样本类型等关键变量指标建立数据库,选择其中的进口冷链水产品样本,分析来源国家(地区)、产品类型和检出频率等数据。结果2020年7月—2022年6月,海关总署对我国进口冷链水产品的紧急预防性措施共通报188起272批次新冠病毒核酸阳性,涉及397家企业以及包括俄罗斯(23起)、印度(18起)、越南(17起)在内的34个来源国家和地区。其中78.28%企业只检出1次新冠病毒;来自俄罗斯的冷链水产品检出23起,次数最多;冻南美白虾检出32批次,频率最高。结论进口冷链水产品中检出新冠病毒及涉及食品种类多,主要源于冷链水产品在冷链储藏温度、流通时间、耐藏性等方面的特性,可结合本国实际建立完善相关制度。

Objective Based on the perspective of COVID-19,to examine the occurrence of COVID-19 in cold chain aquatic products through data analysis,identify potential risk factors,and offer recommendations for the importation and customs clearance processes of these goods.Methods The notifications regarding emergency preventive measures for imported cold chain food issued by the General Administration of Customs from July 2020 to June 2022,had been collected.A database was established,containing the key variable indicators of the aquatic product samples within cold chain food sector,including information such as original country(region),product name and type.Subsequently,an analysis was conducted on the data pertaining to the original country(region),product type and frequency.Results According to statistical data covering the period from July 2020 to June 2022,the General Administration of Customs reported a total of 188 notifications regarding emergency preventive measures for imported aquatic prod-ucts in cold chain food sector.These notifications corresponded to 272 batches of products,involving 397 enterprises across 34 source countries and regions,including Russia(23 notifications),India(18 notifications)and Vietnam(17 notifications).It was observed that 78.28%companies experienced only one instance of SARS-CoV-2 detection positive.Notably,Russia,which had 23 notifications accounted for the highest number of cases among the source countries,while frozen South American white shrimp,which had 32 notifications exhibited the highest frequency of detection positive.Conclusion The detection and the variety of food involved were mainly caused by the characteristics of cold chain aquatic products in terms of cold chain storage temperature,circulation time and storage resistance.Enhancing international collaboration and harmonizing standards could address these problems.