2018—2023年三亚市流感流行特征分析

Analysis of influenza epidemiologic features in Sanya,2018-2023

目的分析海南省三亚市实施新冠病毒感染疫情公共卫生防控措施前后流感的流行特征,为制定针对性的流感防控措施提供依据。方法通过国家流感哨点监测系统,收集三亚市2018年1月—2023年4月的流感监测数据,采用SPSS 26.0软件分析流感病毒核酸阳性率等流感流行特征,比较各年同期流感样病例百分比(ILI%)、流感病毒核酸阳性率,对比疫情防控措施实施之前(2020年2月—2022年12月)、之中和结束后对流感流行的影响。结果2018年1月—2023年4月,三亚市流感样病例53173例,占就诊病例总数的(ILI%)3.20%,流感病毒核酸阳性565例,2020、2021和2022年流感样病例明显少于2018和2019年。2018—2023监测年度ILI%依次为3.77、4.56、2.01、2.64、2.83和3.10,不同年度ILI%差异有统计学意义(χ2=3974.646,P<0.05);流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为7.90%、16.25%、3.29%、9.35%、7.43%和22.44%。2018年流感病毒核酸阳性率在1-3月和12月出现峰值,2019年在3-7月和12月出现峰值,2020年从1月的42.35%到2月迅速下降为0,持续到2021年7月一直为0。2023年3、4月流感病毒核酸阳性分别为52.5%、40.24%,急速升高。结论新冠病毒感染疫情期间公共卫生防控措施的实施对降低流感发病率有明显的干预效果,未来可作为流感的有效防控措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Sanya,Hainan Province,China,before and after the implementation of public health control measures for COVID-19,and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted influenza control measures.Methods The influenza surveillance data in Sanya from January 2018 to April 2023 was collected in the national influenza surveillance system.With the use of SPSS 26.0 software,the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid test and other epidemiological indicators were described,compared the percentage of cases of influenza-like illness in total cases(ILI%)and influenza virus nucleic acid positive rate in the same periods of different years.The changes in influenza epidemics before(February 2020 to December 2022),during,and after the implementation of COVID-19 control measures were analyzed.Results From January 2018 to April 2023,a total of 53173 cases of ILI were reported in Sanya,accounted for 3.2%of the total number of outpatients.Among them,565 cases were positive for nucleic acids of influenza viruses,and the case number of 2020,2021 and 2022 were significantly fewer than those of in 2018 and 2019.From 2018 to 2023,ILI%were 3.77,4.56,2.01,2.64,2.83 and 3.10,respectively,showed a significant difference between them(χ2=3,974.646,P<0.05).The influenza virus nucleic acid positive rates were 7.90%,16.25%,3.29%,9.35%,7.43%and 22.44%,respectively.The positive rate reached peaks in January to March and December in 2018,peaked in March to July and December in 2019,decreased rapidly from 42.35%in January to 0 in February in 2020 and remained at 0 until July in 2021,and rapidly increased to 52.5%and 40.24%in March and April,2023,respectively.Conclusion The implementation of public health control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic substantially reduced the incidence of influenza,which could be used for influenza control in the future.