孙绰碑文“辞多枝杂”覆议:以《江州都督庾冰碑铭一首并序》为例

Re-discussion on Sun Chuo's Inscription“Many Words and Miscellaneous Branches”--Taking The Inscription of Yu Bing,Governor of Jiangzhou as an Example

孙绰为东晋碑文创作之巨擘,《文馆词林》录其《江州都督庾冰碑铭一首并序》全篇,为研读其碑文体制提供了翔实的文献支撑。在学术因缘、生平际遇、社会思潮等诸种因素的共同作用下,孙绰主动援赋法入碑,或掺入空论之语以衬托碑主形象,或棻铺藻饰某一事迹的前因后果以彰显自身所具有的“赋家之心”,故刘勰言其作品常“辞多枝杂”。孙绰援赋法入碑是两晋“碑文似赋”现象的充分体现,其扩大了碑文的容纳能力,使碑文语言更具张力,增强了碑文的文学性、可读性和感染力,为南朝碑文骈偶化积蓄了力量。

Sun Chuo was a giant in the creation of inscriptions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.The book Wen Guan Ci Lin recorded a complete preface to an inscription by Yu Bing,the governor of Jiangzhou,which provided detailed literature support for studying his inscription system.Under the joint influence of various factors such as academic background,life experiences,and social trends,Sun Chuo actively incorporated the method of Fu into the stele,or mixed empty discourse to highlight the image of the stele's subject,or embellished the cause and effect of a certain event to demonstrate his own“Fu's heart”.Therefore,Liu Xie said that his works often have“many branches and miscellaneous words”.The incorporation of Sun Chuo's method of composing poems into steles is a full reflection of the phenomenon of“steles resembling poems”in the Two Jin Dynasties.It expanded the capacity of steles to accommodate inscriptions,made the language of inscriptions more tense,enhanced the literary,readability,and infectiousness of inscriptions,and accumulated strength for the parallel and even transformation of Southern Dynasty inscriptions.