三星堆遗址青关山一号建筑初识

A Preliminary Study of the No.1 Building on Qingguanshan Platform of Sanxingdui Site

青关山一号建筑是三星堆遗址目前发掘的唯一一座大型建筑基址,根据建筑的细部特征和相关遗存的年代可知,青关山一号建筑使用年代下限为殷墟二期,属于三星堆遗址第四期偏早阶段,现存部分只是所属院落式建筑群的主体建筑,两侧应该还有附属建筑。青关山一号建筑作为宫殿建筑的可能性较大,兼有举办祭祀活动的功能,基本排除府库的可能性。

Through detailed investigation of the features and related remains of Qingguanshan No.1 building of Sanxingdui site,it is clear that its lifespan reached as late as the second phase of the Yinxu site,which is equivalent to the early stage of the fourth phase of Sanxingdui site.The base of Qingguanshan No.1 building is prism-like,containing at least two layers.The lower layer is the slope base,serving as the bedding layer to make sure the base is level.The upper layer is horizontal to ensure the overall stability of the building.The column holes of Qingguanshan No.1 building are relatively dense and distributed in the form of an approximate matrix.Except for a suspected passage in the middle,the other column holes show no obvious sign of a dense or sparse spatial arrangement.With a group of U-shaped wall base structure in the middle of Qingguanshan No.1 building as the central axis,the incomplete eastern part can be restored in accordance with the pattern of the western part.The original Qingguanshan No.1 building is nearly 84 meters long from east to west,more than 16 meters wide from north to south,and has a total area of nearly 1350 square meters,which should be one of the largest single buildings in China during the same period.As the main building of a courtyard complex,the Qingguanshan No.1 building should have ancillary buildings on both sides.Qingguanshan No.1 building is most likely a palace building,which also has sacrificial functions,while the possibility of it being a storehouse can be ruled out.