程度副词“伤”的形成与历时演变

Formation and Diachronic Evolution of the Adverb of Degree ‘Shang’

“伤”在近代汉语存在程度副词用法,表示绝对程度副词的超量级,即“太,过于”义。从历时角度看,程度副词“伤”约产生于六朝时期,经考察发现,“伤”在动词向程度副词演变的过程中,经历了如下语义演变:伤害,使受伤〉损害,损伤〉嫌,失之于〉太,过于。在此基础上,分析句法结构对程度副词“伤”形成的作用以及程度副词“伤”衰退的原因。

In Modern Chinese,“Shang”has been used as an adverb of degree,indicating the superlative of absolute adverbs of degree that means“too,too much”.From the perspective of time,the adverb of degree“Shang”was produced in the Six Dynasties,and it is found that‘Shang’has gone through the following semantic evolution in the process of evolving from a verb to an adverb of degree:hurt,make hurt>damage,injure>suspect,to be out of place>too,too much.Based on this,we analyse the role of syntactic structure in the formation of the adverb of degree“Shang”and the reasons for its decline.