英格兰议会公共请愿的创始及特征

The Origin and Characteristics of Common Petitions in the English Parliament

13世纪,公共治理在英格兰王国的兴起,引发了公共利益的维护问题;由贵族向议会呈递公共请愿,遂成为处理该问题的一种有效方式。具体来说,从1290至1314年,利用优越的社会地位,贵族不断以王国共同体之名向议会呈递请愿,以维护其认可的公共利益,是为公共请愿的创始阶段。与传统的议会请愿相比,公共请愿涉及较为重要的公共治理问题,由此体现了广泛的公共利益。在此后的公共治理权之争中,公共请愿逐步具有了两个主要特征,成长为一种新型的议会请愿,最终推动了公共立法的发展。所以,公共请愿的创始是英格兰王国公共治理兴起的一个重要表现。

In the thirteenth century,the rise of public governance in the Kingdom of England raised the issue of the safeguard of the public interest,and submitting common petitions to Parliament by the nobility became an effective way to address the issue.Specifically,from 1290 to 1314,taking advantage of their superior social status,the nobility continuously submitted petitions to Parliament in the name of the Kingdom Community to uphold their recognized public interests,which was the initial stage of common petitions.Compared with traditional parliamentary petitions,common petitions referred to more important issues of public governance,reflecting a wide range of public interests.In the subsequent struggle for the power of public governance,common petitions gradually took on two main characteristics,and grew into a new type of parliamentary petition,which ultimately promoted the development of public legislation.Therefore,the origin of common petitions was an important manifestation of the rise of public governance in the Kingdom of England.