底泥资源化利用研究进展

Resource utilization of sediments:a review

目的:为解决以底泥为主的内源污染问题,清淤疏浚等工程措施被广泛应用于河流、湖泊和水库等水体环境治理工程。目前,我国因清淤疏浚而产生的底泥高达7000万t,且仍以每年4%~6%的速度增长。同时,底泥“污染”和“资源”的双重属性也为其资源化利用带来了机遇与挑战。方法:为此,本文通过文献总结对现阶段底泥资源化利用技术的原理、优缺点、成本以及未来发展方向等进行了系统性梳理。结果与结论:发现底泥资源化利用已经涉及生态恢复、建筑施工、建材制造、能源回收、环保材料等多个领域。未来,底泥资源化利用应通过分区建立底泥数据库,提高疏浚工程精度,并在此基础上分区、分层、分类利用底泥,因地制宜选择资源化利用技术;同时,需要优化底泥前处理技术,提升底泥相关产品质量品级,并聚焦底泥中的有毒有害物质和新污染物以实现其安全利用;最终,完善底泥资源化利用全过程标准体系,逐步规范底泥资源化利用市场。

Purpose:In order to solve the problem of endogenous pollution mainly caused by sediment,engineering measures such as dredging and dredging have been widely applied in water environment management projects such as rivers,lakes,and reservoirs.At present,the amount of sediment generated by dredging and dredging in China is as high as 70 million tons,and it is still growing at a rate of 4%to 6%annually.At the same time,the dual attributes of“pollution”and“resources”of sediment also bring opportunities and challenges for its resource utilization.Method:Therefore,this article systematically reviews the principles,advantages and disadvantages,costs,and future development directions of current sediment resource utilization technology.Result and Conclusion:It is found that sediment resource utilization has involved multiple fields such as ecological restoration,construction,building material manufacturing,energy recovery,and environmental protection materials.In the future,the resource utilization of sediment should be achieved by establishing a sediment database in different zones to improve the accuracy of dredging engineering.Based on this,sediment should be utilized in different zones,layers,and classifications,and resource utilization technologies should be selected according to local conditions;At the same time,it is necessary to optimize the pre-treatment technology of sediment,improve the quality grade of sediment related products,and focus on toxic and harmful substances and new pollutants in sediment to achieve their safe utilization;Finally,we will improve the standard system for the entire process of sediment resource utilization and gradually standardize the market for sediment resource utilization.