矿山充填体内预构巷道工艺方法研究

Study on the process method of prefabricated laneway in mine backfilling body

目的:为解决阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法中二步骤矿柱采场开采面临充填体内开挖巷道支护量大、效率低、成本高的问题,实现二步骤矿柱采场出矿巷道快速成型。方法:本文针对国内某铁矿开展了充填体内预构巷道的工艺方法研究,采用调研、理论分析和试验的方法,分析预构载体在采场内的受力,进行预构载体的材料调研,选择橡胶充气芯模作为预构载体,结合矿山井下开采条件对橡胶充气芯模进行改造,设计了预构载体的布置方案,并开展了工业试验。结果:结果表明:采用橡胶充气芯模作为预构载体,一次充填高度不易超过2 m,以避免橡胶充气芯模受到破坏。预构载体的尺寸确定需综合考虑巷道断面参数和预构载体的运输、安装等因素。与钻爆法在充填体内开挖巷道相比,采用橡胶充气芯模预构巷道可将施工效率提高近5倍,施工成本降低44%,并避免了钻爆法对充填体的破坏,降低了支护成本。意义:本文提出利用橡胶充气芯模作为预构载体,在一步骤采场充填前放置在预形成巷道处,待充填体凝固后收缩橡胶芯模而形成巷道,研究成果对国内类似矿山具有借鉴意义。

Purpose:In order to solve the problems of large support amount,low efficiency and high cost of excavation laneway in backfill in the two-step stope mining of open stoping with subsequent backfilling method and to realize the purpose of rapid prototyping of the mining laneway in the two-step pillar stope,this paper carried out process method research on the pre-formed laneway in backfill for an iron mine in China.Method:The methods of investigation,theoretical analysis and experiment were adopted.By analyzing the force of the preformed carrier and conducting material research on the preformed carrier,rubber pneumatic bag was selected as the preformed carrier.Based on the underground mining conditions,the prefabricated carrier layout scheme was designed and the industrial test was carried out.Result:The experimental results show that the filling height shouldn’t exceed 2 m at a time when using rubber pneumatic bag as the preformed carrier to avoid damage,that the dimension determination of the prefabricated carrier should consider the laneway section parameters and the transportation and installation of the prefabricated carrier,and that the construction efficiency can be increased by nearly 5 times and the construction cost can be reduced by 44%compared with drilling and blasting method.The damage to the backfill body can be avoided by drilling and blasting method,and the support cost can be reduced.Significance:In this paper,rubber pneumatic bag is used as a preformed carrier,which is placed in the pre-formed laneway before the one-step stope backfilling,and shrinks the rubber pneumatic bag to form laneway after the filling slurry solidified.The research results can be used as reference for similar mines in domestic.