2021年广东省生活饮用水砷、镉与氟化物健康风险

Health risk of arsenic,cadmium,and fluoride in drinking water in Guangdong,China,2021

目的评估广东省生活饮用水中砷、镉、氟化物人群健康风险。方法基于2021年1-12月采集的广东省各监测点生活饮用水水样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砷、镉、氟化物浓度。应用美国环境保护局(US EPA)健康风险评估模型,分析3种化学物质对人体的长期与短期经口摄入健康风险。结果2021年广东省共收集生活饮用水监测样品23160份,其中镉的达标率为100%,砷和氟化物的达标率分别为99.91%、99.97%;砷与镉对全人群的致癌风险(carcinogenic risk,CR)分别为2.01×10^(-6)和5.46×10^(-6)。砷、镉、氟化物的全人群非致癌风险用危害商(hazard quotient,HQ)分别为4.47×10^(-3)、1.79×10^(-3)和6.96×10-2;砷的短期暴露对于人群的健康风险处于可接受水平(HQ<1),氟化物可能会对人群造成一定的急性健康损害(HQ>1)。结论2021年广东省生活饮用水砷、镉与氟化物长期健康风险均处于可接受范围内。氟化物短期暴露可能会对人群造成一定的急性健康损害。

Objective To assess the health risks of arsenic,cadmium,and fluoride in drinking water in Guangdong,China.Methods Based on the drinking water samples collected from January to December 2021 at various monitoring points of drinking water in Guangdong,arsenic,cadmium,and fluoride contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The US EPA health risk assessment model was applied to analyze the long-term and short-term health risks of the three chemicals by oral intake.Results In 2021,a total of 23160 drinking water samples were collected in Guangdong,of which the qualified rate for cadmium was 100%,and the qualified rates for arsenic and fluoride were 99.91%and 99.97%,respectively.The carcinogenic risks of arsenic and cadmium for the whole population were 2.01×10^(-6)and 5.46×10^(-6),respectively.The non-carcinogenic risks of the three chemicals were determined by hazard quotient(HQ)to be 4.47×10^(-3),1.79×10^(-3),and 6.96×10^(-2),respectively.The health risk from short-term exposure to arsenic for populations was at an acceptable level(HQ<1),and fluoride might cause some acute health damage to populations(HQ>1).Conclusion In 2021,the long-term health risks of arsenic,cadmium,and fluoride in drinking water in Guangdong were within the acceptable range.Short-term exposure to fluoride may cause some acute health damage to populations.