2008-2022年扬州市生活饮用水总硬度分析

Analysis of total hardness of drinking water in Yangzhou,China,2008-2022

目的了解扬州市生活饮用水中总硬度的水平,掌握其变化规律及分布状况,为改善扬州市水质提出科学依据。方法收集整理2008-2022年扬州市各级疾病预防控制中心枯水期和丰水期监测的生活饮用水水质数据。比较不同年度、不同县市区、不同水期和不同水源类型的总硬度变化情况。结果共收集生活饮用水水样数据11402份,总硬度中位数为146 mg/L,总体合格率为99.95%。按照我国总硬度等级划分,极软水、软水、中硬水、硬水、高硬水以及超高硬水所占的比例分别为0.03%(3份)、53.10%(6055份)、45.70%(5211份)、1.11%(127份)、0.04%(4份)以及0.02%(2份)。总硬度在不同年份、不同县市区、不同水期以及不同水源类型之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论扬州市生活饮用水水质总硬度相对良好,主要以软水和中硬水为主,但仍要继续改进,需要更加关注A县、枯水期和深井的水质总硬度情况,采取相应水质改善措施。

Objective To investigate the level of total hardness in drinking water of Yangzhou in China as well as its change and distribution patterns,and to provide a scientific basis for improving the water quality of Yangzhou.Methods The drinking water quality data monitored by the centers for disease control and prevention at all levels in Yangzhou during dry and wet seasons in 2008-2022 were collected.The changes in total hardness were compared for different years,counties/districts,water periods,and water sources.Results A total of 11402 drinking water samples were collected,with a median total hardness of 146 mg/L and an overall qualified rate of 99.95%.According to the classification of water based on total hardness in China,the proportions of extremely soft water,soft water,medium hard water,hard water,high hard water,and ultra-high hard water were 0.03%(3 samples),53.10%(6055 samples),45.70%(5211 samples),1.11%(127 samples),0.04%(4 samples),and 0.02%(2 samples),respectively.The total hardness varied significantly across different years,counties/districts,water periods,and water sources(P<0.001).Conclusion The total hardness of drinking water in Yangzhou is satisfactory,with the majority of water samples classified as soft or medium hard water.However,there are areas requiring improvement,particularly in County A,during the dry season,and in deep well water sources,which require the implementation of appropriate measures to enhance water quality.