市域产教联合体的内涵与构建路径:基于制度主义理论的视角

The Connotation and Construction Path of City⁃Region Industry⁃Education Alliance:Based on the Perspective of Institutionalism

市域产教联合体作为产教融合政策的创新型抓手,尽管一系列政策为其提供了翔实的路径遵循,但在实际建设中依旧存在着“双师型”教师发展制度认定评价机制非标准化、多元参与机制设计不周;1+X证书制度面临认同困境;现代学徒制场域内多重制度逻辑冲突等诸多问题。这与预期目标,即“制度供给充分、条件保障有力、产教深度融合的良好生态”仍存在较大差距,造成现实与理想脱轨的重要原因之一便是缺乏完善的制度保障。市域产教联合体旨在依托产业园区聚集各区域的各领域优质资源来打造各主体多边共赢的新型共同体,需要功能完备的、坚实的制度基础。因此,可以从制度主义视角展开,探究市域产教联合体在建设中开展制度构建的策略。首先,应强制规定“双师型”的评价和认定政策,打造多元主体参与的教师培养机制;其次,完善“X”证书质量保障机制建设,提升社会认可度;再次,协调现代学徒制场域内各主体利益,化解多重制度逻辑冲突;最后,以明晰职业院校产权为关键,推动混合所有制改革。

As an innovative lever of industry⁃education integration policy,the city⁃region industry⁃education alliance,despite a series of policies providing detailed paths to follow,still faces challenges in the actual construction process.These challenges include non⁃standardized evaluation mechanisms for the development of"dual⁃teacher"teachers,inadequate design of multi⁃participation mechanisms,identity crisis in the 1+X certificate system,and multiple institutional logic conflicts within the modern apprenticeship field.These issues have led to a significant gap between the expected goals⁃a good ecological environment of"sufficient institutional supply,strong guarantee of conditions,and deep integration of industry and education"⁃and the reality,with one of the key reasons for the divergence between reality and ideals being the lack of comprehensive institutional support.The city⁃region industry⁃education alliance aims to leverage high⁃quality resources from various regions and fields in industrial parks to create a new community of multiple stakeholders for mutual benefit,requiring a solid institutional foundation.Therefore,it is essential to explore the strategies for institutional construction in the development of city⁃region industry⁃education alliances from an institutionalism perspective.Firstly,it is necessary to enforce standardized evaluation and recognition policies for"dual⁃teacher"teachers and create a multi⁃participation teacher training mechanism.Secondly,improve the quality assurance mechanism for the X certificate system to enhance social acceptance.Thirdly,coordinate the interests of various stakeholders within the modern apprenticeship field to resolve multiple institutional logic conflicts.Finally,clarify the ownership of vocational colleges as a key step and carry out mixed⁃ownership reforms.