可分离与可传达的--本雅明广播实践中的声学考察与媒介反思

Detachability and Transportability:Walter Benjamin’s Acoustic Descriptions and Reflections on the Media

自19世纪无线电发明以来,脱域化、远距离的声学传播带来了听觉感知上的媒介革命。对此,在无线电广播新媒介诞生之初就进行广播创作的本雅明,曾以不同的方式对德国早期无线电广播“可分离”与“可传达”的技术形态与声学特征展开讨论:前者不仅关涉广播媒介在声源乃至视听联觉上的分离形式,也论及大众在现代媒介语境中的分心现实与感知训练;后者不仅指向听觉媒介技术革命下得以强化的声学效果、普及效力以及教育潜力,更指向魏玛时期无线电广播面向现代听众时所蕴含的政治美学潜力以及不容忽视的内在危机。因此,围绕被本雅明归纳为“可分离”与“可传达”这两条相异又互补的早期广播技术特征与媒介反思展开讨论,能够进一步考察在艺术的传播途径与文化的消费方式发生持续变化的技术革新时期,本雅明如何在听觉媒介领域阐释以及回应时代转型中的知识生产与知识实践、大众媒介与大众文化等相关问题。

Since the invention of radio technology in the 19th century,delocalized and long-distance acoustic transmission has brought about a media revolution in auditory perception.In this regard,Benjamin,who wrote and delivered broadcasts over the new medium,discussed in different ways the technical forms and acoustic characteristics of“detachability”and“transportability”in the early history of radio broadcasting in Germany.The former is not only about the separative forms of radio media in terms of acoustic voice and audiovisual synesthesia,but also about the reality of distraction as perceptual training of the public in the new auditory media context.The latter refers not only to the enhanced acoustic effects,popularization efficiency and educational potential that are strengthened under the technological revolution of the auditory medium,but also to the political aesthetic potential and the inherent crisis of radio broadcasting for the public listener of Weimar Republic.Thus,a discussion of the two distinct yet complementary early broadcasting technical characteristics and media reflections summarized by Benjamin as“detachability”and“transportability”can further examine how Benjamin interpreted and responded to issues of knowledge production and practice,mass media and mass culture in the field of auditory media during the period of technological innovation in the communication of art and the consumption of culture.