脐静脉置管在超低、极低出生体重儿中的应用效果研究

Application effect of umbilical vein catheterization in extremely low and very low birth weight infants

目的探讨脐静脉置管在超低、极低出生体重儿中的应用价值。方法选取2022年10月~2023年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院新生儿科收治的超低、极低出生体重早产儿56例,随机分为观察组、对照组,各28例,观察组使用脐静脉置管,对照组采用传统外周静脉穿刺,比较两组早产儿达到足量喂养时间、恢复出生体重时间、出院时体重、每日平均体重增长、住院天数、住院费用、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn,NEC)并发症情况。结果观察组早产儿在达到足量喂养时间、恢复出生体重时间、出院时体重、每日平均体重增长方面均优于对照组,同时观察组早产儿住院天数、住院费用均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组NEC发生率无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论超低、极低出生体重早产儿使用脐静脉置管,有助更早达到足量喂养、恢复出生体重,在出院时获得更优体重、每日平均体重增长更快,同时有助缩短住院天数,减少住院费用,具有临床应用价值。

Objective To investigate the application value of umbilical vein catheterization in extremely low and very low birth weight infants.Methods Fifty-six extremely low and very low birth weight preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2022 to December 2023 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 28 cases in each group.Umbilical vein catheterization was used in the observation group,while traditional peripheral venipentesis was used in the control group.The time of adequate feeding,time of birth weight recovery,weight at discharge,average daily weight gain,length of stay,hospitalization cost and necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn(NEC)complications were compared between the two groups.Results The preterm infants in the observation group were better than those in the control group in terms of sufficient feeding time,birth weight recovery time,weight at discharge and average daily weight gain.Meanwhile,the hospitalization days and hospitalization cost in the observation group were less than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of NEC between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The use of umbilical vein catheterization in extremely low and very low birth weight preterm infants can help to achieve adequate feeding earlier,restore birth weight,obtain better weight at discharge,increase daily average weight faster,and shorten hospitalization days and reduce hospitalization costs,which has clinical application value.