养殖户畜禽粪污无害化处理与资源化利用行为背离——基于制度约束视角

Behavioral deviation between farmers’harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure and resource utilization:A perspective of institutional constraints

引导和鼓励养殖户规范开展畜禽粪污资源化利用是破解农业面源污染难题,实现农业低碳可持续发展的有效着力点。基于制度约束视角,探讨了正式制度约束和非正式制度约束对养殖户粪污无害化处理和资源化利用行为背离的影响机制,并利用河北省7市688份养殖户调研数据进行实证检验。研究发现:1)正式制度约束中的政府惩戒和非正式制度约束中的社会惩罚能够有效抑制养殖户畜禽粪污无害化处理与资源化利用行为背离,而正式制度约束中的政府监管对养殖户行为背离的抑制作用未能有效发挥。2)政府惩戒和社会惩罚可以通过提升养殖户自我认知水平,降低行为背离的可能。3)对不同规模和不同职业经历的养殖户而言,政府监管对规模型和无职业经历组养殖户行为背离的抑制作用未能有效发挥,而政府惩戒则能够有效抑制规模型和有职业经历组养殖户的行为背离,社会惩罚对非规模型和无职业经历组养殖户行为背离的抑制作用更为显著。据此,相关部门应该完善监管制度,强化养殖户畜禽粪污资源化利用自我认知意识,提供针对性帮扶措施,鼓励养殖户规范开展畜禽粪污资源化利用。

Guiding and encouraging farmers to regulate the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure is an effective focus for cracking the problem of agricultural surface pollution and realizing low-carbon sustainable development in agriculture.From the perspective of institutional constraints, we explored the influence mechanism of formal institutional constraints and informal institutional constraints on the deviation between farmers' behaviour of harmless treatment and resource utilization of manure, and conducted empirical tests using 688 research data of farmers from 7 cities of Hebei Province. The study found that: 1) Government discipline in the formal institutional constraints and social punishment in the informal institutional constraints can effectively inhibit farmer's behavioral deviation between harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure and resource utilization, while government regulation in the formal institutional constraints fails to play an effective role in inhibiting farmers from their behavioral deviation. 2) Government discipline and social punishment can reduce the possibility of behavioral deviation by enhancing the level of farmers' self-cognition.3)For farmers with different scales and different occupational experiences, government regulation fails to play an effective role in inhibiting the behavioral deviation of farmers with scale operation or without occupational experiences, whereas government discipline can effectively inhibit the behavioral deviation of farmers with scale operation or occupational experiences, and the inhibitory effect of social penalties on the behavioral deviation of farmers with non-scale operation or without occupational experiences is even more significant.Accordingly, the relevant departments should improve the regulatory system, strengthen farmers' self-knowledge of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization, provide targeted support measures, and encourage farmers to carry out livestock and poultry manure resource utilization in a standardized manner.