生物标志物在结直肠癌中的研究进展

Research progress of biomarkers in colorectal cancer

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是一种常见的下消化道恶性肿瘤,其涵盖了结肠癌和直肠癌两大类别。据统计,CRC在我国的发病率和死亡率呈现出逐年上升的趋势,这一趋势意味着其防治工作任重而道远。有研究表明,早期诊断CRC并加以治疗可以有效防止CRC癌变,延长CRC患者的寿命。目前,结肠镜检查是早期诊断CRC最有效、最常见的方法,但由于创伤性和高昂的价格,其实际应用受到了一定的限制。因此,寻找无创、廉价、高效的CRC诊断方法显得尤为重要。近年来,生物标志物的研究在CRC早期诊断中展现出了巨大潜力。生物标志物可以在肿瘤形成之前就被检测到,并且其非侵入性和个体化差异性,使其受到了广泛关注。该文综述了目前已知的CRC生物标志物,介绍了CRC生物标志物发现的最新进展,以期为CRC的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路和方法。

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor of the lower gastrointestinal tract,which covers two categories of colon cancer and rectal cancer.According to statistics,the morbidity and mortality rates of CRC in China have been increasing year by year,which means that the prevention and treatment of CRC has a long way to go.Studies have shown that early diagnosis and treatment of CRC can effectively prevent CRC from becoming cancerous and prolong the life of CRC patients.Currently,colonoscopy is the most effective and common method for early diagnosis of CRC,but its practical application is limited by its invasiveness and high price.Therefore,it is particularly important to find non-invasive,inexpensive,and efficient methods for CRC diagnosis.In recent years,biomarker research has shown great potential in the early diagnosis of CRC.Biomarkers can be detected before tumor formation,and their non-invasive nature and individualized variability have attracted widespread attention.This article reviews the currently known CRC biomarkers and introduces the latest progress in CRC biomarker discovery,with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC.