桥式起重机吊装过程电能消耗分析及实验研究

Analysis and Experimental Study of Electric Energy Consumption in the Hoisting Process of Bridge Crane

针对在复杂服役因素影响下的起重机电能消耗难以客观量化的问题,基于能量转化的原理及电能耗散的特征开展理论研究,推导出了电机效率与电机负载率之间的关系式。在上述研究的基础上,分别针对起重机的大、小车运行机构以及起升机构在服役过程中的能耗组成进行了理论分析,推导出了在不同工况下各机构的能耗评价公式,并通过实验验证了各机构能耗量化计算公式的准确性;最后对起重机在固定路径下多机构运动的综合能耗进行了研究,理论结果与实验数据的一致性证明了文中所提方法的准确性。文中研究结果将为起重机能耗评价提供新的客观量化方法、为起重机结构设计和运行模式提供指导方向。

Aiming at the problem that the electric energy consumption of cranes is difficult to quantify objectively under the influence of complex service factors,based on the principle of energy conversion and the characteristics of electric energy dissipation,the relation between motor efficiency and motor load ratio is derived.Based on the above research,the energy consumption composition of large and small crane operating mechanism and lifting mechanism during service is theoretically analyzed.The energy consumption evaluation formulae of each mechanism under different working conditions are derived.The accuracy of the quantitative calculation formulae of energy consumption of each mechanism is verified by experiments.Finally,the comprehensive energy consumption of the multi-mechanism movement of the crane under the fixed path is studied.The consistency between the theoretical results and the experimental data proves the accuracy of the proposed method.The research results in this paper will provide a new objective quantitative method for crane energy consumption evaluation and provide guidance for crane structure design and operation mode.