失眠对大学生认知灵活性的影响

Impact of insomnia status in university students on cognitive flexibility

目的探讨失眠对大学生认知灵活性的影响。方法采用整群抽样法,于2023年3—5月使用认知灵活性问卷(CFI)和匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)对重庆某高校802名大学生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷770份,并招募66名大学生志愿者作为研究对象,以PSQI≥8分且经访谈后确认处于失眠状态的研究对象作为失眠组(n=28),以PSQI<8分且经访谈后确认不处于失眠状态的研究对象作为对照组(n=38)。所有研究对象参加行为研究(采用数字-字母转换任务评估被试者的认知灵活性),比较两组反应时间、准确率及转换成本的差异。结果该校大学生群体CFI和PSQI的总分为(70.43±12.85)、(6.37±3.29)分,失眠检出率为33.77%(260/770)。失眠组CFI得分明显低于对照组[(68.15±11.65)分vs.(71.59±13.28)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman偏相关分析提示,认知灵活性与PSQI总分(r=-0.22)、主观睡眠质量(r=-0.22)、睡眠潜伏期(r=-0.12)、睡眠紊乱(r=-0.16)、催眠药物使用(r=-0.14)和日间功能失调(r=-0.16)均呈负相关(P<0.05)。失眠组平均反应时间、重复试次反应时间、转换试次反应时间和转换成本长于对照组,CFI得分、转换试次准确率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论失眠大学生的认知灵活性低于睡眠正常大学生,应对失眠状况进行干预。

Objective To explore the impact of insomnia status in university students on cognitive flexibility.Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted.A total of 802 undergraduates in a university of Chongqing conducted the questionnaire survey by cognitive flexibility inventory(CFI)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).A total of 770 effective questionnaires were recovered.Sixty-six university student volunteers were recruited as the study subjects.The subjects with the PSQI≥8 points and being in insomnia state after interview served as the insomnia group(n=28)and the subjects with the PSQI<8 points and not being in insomnia state after interview served as the control group(n=38).The study subjects all participated in behavioral study(adopting the number-letter transition task assesses the cognitive flexibility of the subjects).The differences in the reaction time,accuracy rate and switching cost were compared between the two groups.Results The total scores of CFI and PSQI in the university students group were(70.43±12.85)points and(6.37±3.29)points,respectively.The detection rate of insomnia was 33.77%(260/770).The CFI score in insomnia individual was significantly lower than that in the sleep normal individual,and the difference was statistically significant[(68.15±11.65)points vs.(71.59±13.28)points,P<0.05].The Spearman partial correlation analysis indicated that the cognitive flexibility was negatively correlated with the PSQI total score(r=-0.22),subjective sleep quality(r=-0.22),sleep latency(r=-0.12),sleep disorders(r=-0.16),hypnotic drug use(r=-0.14)and daytime dysfunction(r=-0.16).The average reaction time,reaction time for repeat trials,reaction time for switch trials and switching cost in the insomnia group were longer than those in the control group,the CFI score and switch trial accuracy rate were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The cognitive flexibility of the university students with insomnia is lower than that of the university students with normal sleep.The insomnia status should be intervened.