市场化的科研组织:爱尔兰的经验及启示

Market-oriented research organization:Experience and implication from Ireland

高效运行的科研组织是我国建设创新型国家和实现高水平科技自立自强的关键支撑,而治理结构和运行模式是影响科研组织发挥作用的重要因素。近年来,我国积极推进新型研发机构建设并取得一定成就,但是仍面临领域布局趋同化严重等问题。本文运用案例和访谈方法研究爱尔兰科学基金会资助的17个国家级研究中心(SFI研究中心)的治理结构和运行模式,旨在为我国新型科研机构管理和产学研合作提供借鉴。发现SFI研究中心高水平的科研产出及其产业化的关键在于市场化的治理结构和运行模式。治理结构方面的特征包括高效率整合优势科研力量,多维度的目标和绩效管理,稳定支持与滚动筛选结合,灵活完善的内部治理;运行模式方面的主要特征包括网络化的科研活动,市场化的运行管理,多渠道的经费筹集,与产业合作的研究平台。

Effective research organizations are a key factor in the establishment of innovative nation and in the realization of high-level science&technology self-reliance for China.In the recent years,the Chinese government has been actively promoting the establishment of new research institutes and has made some achievements,however,there still exists some issues such as the similarity in the research field.This paper uses case and interview analysis to study the governance structure and operation model of 17 Irish National Research Centres funded by the Science Foundation Ireland(SFI).The paper aims to provide lessons for the practice of new research institute and industry-university-institute cooperation.It is found that the high-level research outputs of the SFI research centres and their commercialization rely on the market-oriented governance structure and operation model.Their governance structure is characterized as effective integration of research power,multi-dimensional targets and performance management,combination of stable and periodical funding,and flexible internal management.The operation of the SFI research centres is characterized as networked research activities,market-oriented operation management,multiple-channel funding,and research platforms with industries.