个人利益、公共利益抑或制度要求?——公民参与基层社会治理的动因分析

Individual Interest,Public Interest,or Institutional Requirement?An Analysis of the Motivations Behind Citizens'Participation in Grassroots Social Governance

本研究利用6089份调查数据,实证分析公民参与基层社会治理的现状及动因,并对目前公民参与不足的问题进行回应。研究发现,个人利益对于公民参与行为的影响作用并不稳健,而公共利益诉求、制度要求以及从众心理是公民进行基层参与的重要动因,尤其是制度要求以及民众与党员干部的紧密程度这两个外部因素,不仅影响公民总体参与经历,更是对选举、公共决策讨论、社区管理及公益活动参与具有正向影响。文章丰富了学界关于公共参与影响因素的研究,对于提升共建共治共享的社会治理水平具有实践启示。在“以人民为中心”提升基层社会治理能力时,要优化公民参与的氛围,加强公民参与的制度保障,强化公共利益的价值培养,并增强政府与公民的互动沟通。

Using data from 6,089 online surveys on citizen participation,this study empirically examines the current state and motivations behind citizen involvement in grassroots social governance,addressing the prevalent issue of insufficient citizen engagement.The findings reveal that individual interest is not a strong driver of citizen participation.Instead,the values of public interest,institutional requirements,and herd psychology emerge as significant motivations for grassroots participation.Institutional requirements not only shape the overall participation experience of citizens but also positively influence various forms of engagement,including election-type political participation,public decision-making discussions,public management,and public welfare activities.This paper contributes to the academic discourse on public participation and its influencing factors,offering practical insights for enhancing the social governance model characterized by joint construction,governance,and sharing.To bolster the capacity for grassroots social governance,it is essential to cultivate a conducive atmosphere and strengthen institutional guarantees for citizen participation.Additionally,it is crucial to enhance education on public interest values and foster meaningful interaction between the government and citizens.