中国近代以来的民族构建及其影响

Nation Building in Modern China and Its Implications

对当代中国民族现象和民族关系的认知务必注意,不论是中华民族、国内各民族还是民族间关系,均在历史演变基础上经过了近代以来的民族构建过程。其间,历史形态的中华民族,一方面经由人口国民化和国民整体化而形成了国民共同体,另一方面又经由自我构建的各个民族的凝聚而成为一个更大的多族聚合体,实现了现代构建。同时,历史上众多的民族群体,则经过民族构建而成为国内的56个民族。在此过程中,国家因素、国族因素和各族互动三个方面相结合,造就了当代中国的民族关系。经历了这样的民族构建,中华民族、国内56个民族以及民族关系有了今天的形态、面貌和性质。因此,要对当代中国的民族现象和民族关系形成准确的把握,就必须对近代以来的民族构建进行认真的梳理。

In recognizing the phenomenon of ethnicity and ethnic relations in contemporary China,it is important to note that the Chinese nation,the ethnic groups within the country and the inter-ethnic relations have gone through a process of nation-building in modern times on the basis of historical evolution.During this period,the Chinese nation in history,on the one hand,formed a national community through the nationalization of its population and the integration of its people,and on the other hand,became a larger multiracial aggregate through the cohesion of its self-built nationalities,thus realizing its modern construction.At the same time,the ethnic groups in history have become the 56 nationalities in the country through nation building.In this process,the combination of the state factor,the national factor and the interaction of the various ethnic groups has created the ethnic relations of contemporary China.Therefore,the Chinese nation,the 56 nationalities in China,and ethnic relations have taken on their present form,appearance,and nature.To correctly understand the phenomenon of ethnicity and ethnic relations in contemporary China,it is necessary to carefully review the nation building in modern times.