19世纪后期美国排华新探——以领域化为视角的分析

Revisiting America’s Anti-Chinese Politics in the Late 19^(th)Century:A Perspective of Territorialization

论文以领域化理论为视角,探讨了19世纪后期美国对华人移民政策的变迁及其背后的内在动因。论文认为,美国对加利福尼亚的吞并及其领域化需求,是影响19世纪后期对华人移民政策的深层动因。起初,基于政治和经济方面的需要,美国方面鼓励甚至强迫华工赴美,华工在铁路修建、农业开发和捕鱼业等方面做出了巨大贡献。然而,随着加州领域化进程的持续推进,华人的经济和劳动力价值渐趋耗尽,排华情绪不断蔓延滋长,最终引发了全面排华的汹涌浪潮。通过对这段历史的梳理,本文揭示领域化作为国家权力在生产空间中的持续过程,如何深刻影响了美国对华移民政策的制定与实施,从而为理解美国排华这一历史现象提供了新的视角。

Territorialization is a continuous process in which state power is generated within a nation.Chinese immigration to California during the mid-19th century took place at the same time as the United States of America began to define its territories.To what extent did Chinese immigration and America’s territorialization interact with each other?In the beginning,Chinese immigrants were encouraged to work on railway construction,farming and fishing,since they fulfilled the socio-economic needs for America’s development.With California growing rapidly and the value of Chinese laborers waning,an anti-Chinese sentiment prevailed.This paper looks into America’s anti-Chinese legislation and its implementation against a backdrop of the gradual process of territorialization within the United States.It casts a new light on the history of America’s anti-Chinese politics.