薏苡仁化学成分及抗肿瘤作用研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Antitumor Effects of Yiyiren(Coix seed)

薏苡仁是临床应用极为广泛的中药,具有健脾止泻、利水消肿、渗湿除痹、清热排脓、解毒散结等功效。现代药理学研究表明脂肪酸及其酯类、内酰胺类、三萜类、酚类、甾醇类、多糖类为薏苡仁中主要的抗肿瘤成分,可通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞迁移和侵袭、抗肿瘤血管生成、逆转多药耐药、放化疗增敏、免疫调节、抑制癌前病变等多个途径达到抗肿瘤的作用,其中薏苡仁油是最主要的抗肿瘤成分,由薏苡仁油制成的中成药康莱特注射液在临床上应用广泛,效果显著。薏苡仁可用于多种肿瘤的辅助治疗,对于临床常见肿瘤如肺癌、口腔癌、鼻咽癌等头颈部肿瘤,肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等消化道肿瘤,乳腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌等生殖及泌尿系肿瘤均有明显的治疗作用,具有防止术后肿瘤复发转移、减轻放化疗的不良反应、提高患者生存质量、增强患者免疫力等方面的优势。论述薏苡仁及其提取物主要抗肿瘤成分及对多种恶性肿瘤及其并发症的作用效果及机制,为薏苡仁临床应用及未来发展方向提供依据。

Yiyiren(Coix seed)is an extremely widely used Chinese herbal medicine,with the effects of strengthening spleen,stopping diarrhea,promoting water retention,removing paralysis,clearing heat and draining pus,and detoxifying and dispersing knots.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that fatty acids and their esters,lactams,triterpenoids,phenols,sterols and polysaccharides are the main antitumor components in Yiyiren(Coix seed).They can achieve anti-tumor effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,inducing apoptosis,inhibiting cell migration and invasion,anti-tumor angiogenesis,reversing multidrug resistance,radiotherapy sensitization,immunomodulation,inhibiting precancerous lesions,etc.Yiyiren(Coix seed)oil is the most important anti-tumor component among them,and the Chinese patent medicine Kailaite Injection made from Yiyiren(Coix seed)oil is widely used in clinical practice with remarkable effect.Yiyiren(Coix seed)can be used for the adjuvant treatment of many kinds of tumors,and it has obvious therapeutic effects on common clinical tumors such as lung cancer,head and neck tumors such as oral cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer,gastrointestinal tract tumors such as liver cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer,reproductive and urinary tract tumors such as breast cancer,prostate cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical canc-er,and it has the advantages of preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery,reducing toxic side effects of radiothera-py,improving patients'survival quality and enhancing patients'immunity compared with western medical treatment.This paper discussed the main antitumor components of Yiyiren(Coix seed)and its extracts,their effects and mechanisms on various malig-nant tumors and their complications,and provided a basis for the clinical application and future development of Yiyiren(Coix seed).