县域视角下的农村养老现状与对策——基于江西省赣州市C村的田野调查

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Elderly Care in China's Rural Areas from the County Perspective:Based on the Fieldwork of C Village in Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province

我国农村老龄化水平明显高于城镇,实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的难点也在农村。通过对江西省赣州市C村596名老年人进行问卷调查发现:当前家庭养老模式在现实和观念上仍占主导地位;县域养老服务向农村辐射有限,服务重点有待明确;农村养老服务设施不足,适老化认知水平有待提升;农村养老服务知晓度和使用率亟待提升;农村老年人力资源有待开发,互联网普及率较低。建议:县乡村三级养老服务网络建设重在城乡融合且须精准施策;县级养老服务资源向农村倾斜须明晰重点;大力发展县域经济,加强老年人就近为主的县域再就业服务;树立积极老龄观,涵养健康老龄化理念,丰富农村老年人社会参与内容;加大农村老年人数字鸿沟弥合力度。

The level of ageing in China's rural areas is obviously higher than that in urban areas,and therefore the difficulty of implementing the national strategy of actively coping with population ageing is also in rural areas.Through a questionnaire survey of 596 elderly people in C village,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,it is found that the"Family elderly care"is still dominant in reality and concept currently.The county elderly care service has a limited coverage of rural areas,and the service focus needs to be clarified.The service facilities for the elderly in rural areas are insufficient,and the understanding of ageing friendly needs to be improved.The awareness and utilization rate of rural elderly care service need to be improved.The human resources of the elderly in rural areas need to be developed,and the Internet penetration rate is low.It is suggested that the three-level elderly care service network of counties and villages focus on"urban-rural integration"and need precise policies.The elderly care service resources should be tilted to rural areas.The county economy should be vigorously developed and improved,and the county re-employment services for the elderly should be enhanced.We should also establish a positive view of population ageing and cultivate the concept of healthy ageing,as well as enrich the content of social participation of rural elderly.Greater efforts should be made to close the rural elderly's digital divide.