水库消落带植物生态学研究热点——以三峡水库为例

Review of research hotspots on plant ecology of the water level fluctuation zones of reservoirs: A case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir

水库是在河流、湖泊等天然水体中拦截筑坝形成,水文节律受人为调控。其中,库周水位变动影响的区域为水库消落带(WLFZs),其生态系统极为脆弱。由于受人为干扰强烈,生态环境问题突显,消落带研究越来越受到全球关注。本文通过CiteSpace文献计量分析梳理2000-2023年水库消落带植物研究沿革,搜集中文文献164篇,英文文献422篇。通过文献共被引分析及关键词时序和突显分析,得出研究热点为水位波动对植物生存、生长、生产以及群落组成带来的影响以及水库河岸带能量循环及景观格局。并以三峡水库消落带为例,结合团队多年研究工作,从水位变动下消落带植物群落时空格局与动态、消落带土壤种子库特征、植物功能性状、水淹胁迫下植物生理生态特征、消落带植被恢复和生态工程、植物-微生物分子作用关系的研究方面系统梳理水库消落带植物基础与应用研究,对水库消落带植物研究进行展望。

Reservoirs are created by dam constructions on rivers and lakes,in which human beings control the hydrologic rhythm.The water level fluctuation zones(WLFZs),corresponding ecosystems of the reservoir,are incredibly fragile.Due to the strong anthropogenic disturbances such as hydrological regimen control,serious eco-environmental problems have been found.Thus,studies on the WLFZs have received global attention.This paper conducted a biliometric analysis using CiteSpace to systematically sort out the studies on plants of the reservoir WLFZs from 2000 to 2023.A total of 164 Chinese articles and 422 English articles were collected.Based on co-citation analysis,keyword temporal analysis,and keyword highlighting analysis,the research hotspots were identified as the impact of water level fluctuations on plant survival,growth,productivity,and community composition,as well as the energy cycling and landscape patterns in reservoir WLFZs.Moreover,the current study selected the vegetation in the WLFZs of the Three Gorges Reservoir as the case study,combining it with the author’s long-term research experiences. The case study mainly included a systematic review of basic and applied research on plants in the WLFZs of the TGR in terms of spatial and temporal patterns and dynamics of plant communities under water level changes, characteristics of the soil seed bank, plant’s functional traits, physiological and ecological characteristics of plants under flooding stress, restoration of the vegetation in the WLFZs and construction of environmental projects, as well as application of molecular techniques. Finally, future studies of plants in the WLFZs of the reservoir were also identified.