基于碳中和目标的中国草地碳汇交易机制优化

Optimization research on grassland carbon sink trading mechanism based on carbon neutrality goals

“碳达峰、碳中和”是我国当前社会经济转型期的重要目标。为实现我国“双碳”目标,积极探索草地碳汇的交易潜力,对规范碳汇交易至关重要。目前,中央和各级地方政府已制定草地碳汇发展的规划与目标,在西藏、新疆、甘肃和青海等地开发国际核证碳标准草地碳汇项目,碳汇交易的总静态收益额约5.46亿元。然而,我国的碳汇交易面临交易规则不统一、资金流动性不强和监测体系不完善等问题,制约了草地碳汇市场的发展。针对上述问题,本文深入探讨我国碳汇市场的趋势与背景,从草地碳汇开发、融资及监管机制等多个维度出发,提出一系列切实可行的优化策略。第一,通过简化审批流程,完善草地牧草补偿机制,并针对不同类型的草地区域,逐步构建全方位的草地核算体系,以加快形成统一、标准化的草地碳汇核算、计量、监测与报告方法学。第二,通过引入政府和社会资本合作模式、拓展贷款模式以及完善碳汇银行等措施,为碳汇交易各个环节提供充分的资金支持,健全草地碳汇产业链。第三,健全草地碳汇交易监管机制与碳信息披露制度,提升各部门的监管水平与监管效率,达到优化草地碳汇交易市场、提高交易效率与公平性的目标。

“Peak carbon dioxide emissions,carbon neutrality”is an important goal in China’s current social and economic transition period.To achieve the“double carbon”goal in China,it is important to actively explore the trading potential of grassland carbon sinks.The central and local governments formulated plans and targets for grassland carbon sequestration development and developed grassland carbon sequestration projects with international carbon standards in Tibet,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Qinghai.Although the total static income from carbon sequestration transactions is about 546 million yuan,China’s carbon sink trading faces problems such as inconsistent trading rules,weak liquidity of funds,and an imperfect monitoring system,which restricts the development of the grassland carbon sink market.As such,this study discusses the trends and background of China’s carbon sequestration market and puts forward a series of feasible optimization strategies from the perspectives of grassland carbon sequestration development,financing,and supervision mechanisms.First,we simplify the examination and approval process,improve the compensation mechanism of grassland pasture,and gradually build an all-round grassland accounting system for different types of grassland areas to accelerate the formation of a unified and standardized methodology for grassland carbon sequestration accounting,measurement,monitoring,and reporting.Second,by introducing the cooperation mode of government and social capital,expanding the loan mode,and improving the carbon sink bank,we provide sufficient financial support for all aspects of carbon sink trading and improve the grassland carbon sink industry chain.Third,we improve the grassland carbon sink trading supervision mechanism and carbon information disclosure system,improve the supervision level and efficiency of various departments,and achieve the goal of optimizing the grassland carbon sink trading market and improving trading efficiency and fairness.