植物精油对犊牛生长性能、血清免疫指标及血清抗氧化指标的影响

Effects of plant essential oil on growth performance,serum immune indexes,and serum antioxidant indexes of calves

试验旨在研究植物精油对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能及血清指标的影响。选取60头年龄、体重相近的荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为2组,分别为对照组(基础精料)和试验组(基础精料+200 g/t植物精油),每组3个重复,每个重复10头牛。预试验7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组犊牛末重和平均日增重有所增加(P>0.05),体斜长和胸围均显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组犊牛血清尿素氮(BUN)含量显著降低(P<0.05),免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组犊牛腹泻率降低了20%,死亡率降低了7%。研究表明,本试验条件下,精料中添加植物精油能够增加犊牛平均日增重、体尺指标,增强犊牛免疫系统机能,提高抗氧化能力,减少腹泻率和死亡率。

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of plant essential oils on the growth performance and serum indicators of Holstein calves.Sixty Holstein calves with the similar age and weight were selected and randomly divided into two groups:A control group(fed a concentrated feed)and a test group(fed a concentrated feed supplemented with 200 g/t of plant essential oils),with three replicates per group and ten calves per replicate.A preliminary trial was conducted for 7 days,followed by a formal experimental period of 30 days.The results showed that compared to the control group,the final weight and average daily weight gain of the calves in the test group increased(P>0.05),and the body oblique length and chest circumference were significantly improved(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the serum urea nitrogen(BUN)content of calves in the test group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)was significantly enhanced(P<0.05),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the incidence of diarrhea in the test group calves was reduced by 20%,and the mortality rate was reduced by 7%.The study indicates that under the conditions of this experiment,the addition of plant essential oils to the concentrated feed can improve the average daily weight gain and body size indicators of calves,enhance the immune system function,increase the antioxidant capacity,and reduce the incidence of diarrhea and mortality of calves.