含水量与贮存时间对金针菇菌糠中霉菌毒素含量的影响

Effect of water content and storage time on content of mycotoxins in Flammulina velutipes bran

试验旨在探究不同含水量与贮存时间对金针菇菌糠中霉菌毒素含量的影响。将金针菇菌糠含水量设定为13%、30%、48%、62%、76%,测定金针菇菌糠中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)和T-2毒素(T-2)等霉菌毒素含量,记录金针菇菌糠中4种霉菌毒素含量在自然存放1~7d内的动态变化,分析各霉菌毒素含量与贮存时间之间的相关性,结合《饲料卫生标准》对饲料原料中霉菌毒素含量的要求来判定金针菇菌糠中霉菌毒素是否超标。结果表明,在13%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中AFB1、ZEN、OTA和T-2的含量在贮存后的1~7 d内差异均不显著(P>0.05),且均没有超过标准规定的阈值。30%、48%、62%、76%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中AFB1、ZEN、OTA和T-2的含量均随着贮存时间延长呈提高趋势。在30%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中AFB1、ZEN、OTA和T-2的含量均没有超过标准规定的阈值。在48%、62%和76%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中AFB1、ZEN、OTA和T-2的含量在贮存后的1~2 d内均没有超标。在62%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中AFB1的含量在第3 d后超过标准的阈值,三者含量均在第5 d超标。在62%和76%含水量下,金针菇菌糠中ZEN和OTA在第7 d均超过标准阈值,其中T-2含量没有超过标准阈值。在低水分含量(13%)下,霉菌毒素含量与贮存时间的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。在中高水分含量(48%和76%)下,霉菌毒素含量与贮存时间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),不同霉菌毒素之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,金针菇菌糠在进行安全贮存时需要控制含水量和贮存时间,水分含量在13%以下的金针菇菌糠或出厂2 d内的高水分金针菇菌糠,均能够确保霉菌毒素含量不超标。

The experiment aimed to explore the effects of different water contents and storage time on the content of mycotoxins in the mushroom bran of Flammulina velutifolia.This study set up 13%,30%,48%,62%,and 76%moisture gradients of Flammulina velutifolia bran,and measured the content of aflatoxin B1(AFB1),zearalenone(ZEN),ochratoxin A(OTA),and T-2 toxin(T-2)in Flammulina velutifolia bran,respectively.The dynamic changes in the content of Flammulina velutifolia bran naturally stored for 1~7 days were recorded,and the correlation between the content of each Flammulina velutifolia toxin and storage time was analyzed.Combined with the requirements of the Feed Hygiene Standard for the content of Flammulina velutifolia bran in feed raw materials,it was determined whether the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the limit of mycotoxins.The results showed that at a moisture content of 13%,the contents of AFB1,ZEN,OTA,and T-2 in the mushroom bran of Flammulina velutifolia showed no significant differences within 1~7 days after storage(P>0.05),and none of them exceeded the standard threshold.At 30%,48%,62%,and 76%moisture content,the content of AFB1,ZEN,OTA,and T-2 in Flammulina velutifolia bran showed an increasing trend with prolonged storage time.At a moisture content of 30%,the content of AFB1,ZEN,OTA,and T-2 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran did not exceed the standard threshold.At 48%,62%,and 76%moisture content,the content of AFB1,ZEN,OTA,and T-2 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran did not exceed the standard within 1~2 days after storage.At a moisture content of 62%,the content of AFB1 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the standard threshold after the 3rd day,and all three contents exceeded the standard threshold on the 5th day.At 62%and 76%moisture content,both ZEN and OTA in the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the standard threshold on the 7th,with T-2 content not exceeding the standard threshold.At low moisture content(13%),there was no significant correlation between fungal toxin content and storage time(P>0.05).Under medium to high moisture content(48%and 76%),there was a significant positive correlation between fungal toxin content and storage time(P<0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation between different fungal toxins(P<0.05).The study indicates that when safely storing Flammulina velutifolia bran,it is necessary to control the moisture content and storage time.When the moisture content of Flammulina velutifolia bran is below 13%or high moisture Flammulina velutifolia bran is used within two days of leaving the factory,it can ensure that the content of mycotoxins does not exceed the standard.