我国高技能人才培育制度的特征、问题与改进——基于42位高技能人才访谈的分析

Characteristics,Problems,and Improvements of China's High-skilled Talent Cultivation System:Based on an Analysis of Interviews with Forty-two High-skilled Talents

高技能人才培育已上升到国家战略层面,而制度在高技能人才培育中发挥着先导性和全局性的作用。通过对42位高技能人才的访谈发现,我国高技能人才培育制度在资源供给、评价体系、激励机制、成才环境等方面呈现出如下特征:贯通职前职后培养全过程,深化评价激励机制改革,日益重视成长环境的制度化建设。但也存在一些问题:配套制度有待健全,可操作性不强;多元主体参与缺位,制度系统设计不足;培养模式单一固化,课程资源建设滞后;制度环境有待于进一步优化。为此,我国应进一步健全完善制度机制,加强前瞻性与可操作性;提升多元主体协同效能,构建联动的工作机制;丰富学习资源供给,创新培养模式;优化技能生态环境,营造技能成才氛围,以形成有利于高技能人才自主培养与自身成长的制度环境。

The cultivation of high-skilled talents has risen to the national strategic level,and the system plays a leading and overall role in high-skilled talent cultivation.Through interviews with forty-two high-skilled talents,this study finds that China's highskilled talent cultivation system presents certain characteristics in resource supply,evaluation system,incentive mechanism,and growth environment:integrating pre-post service talent cultivation process,deepening evaluation and incentive mechanisms,and piloting twoway integration;paying increasing attention to the institutionalized construction of the growth environment.At the same time,there are also some problems:supporting systems need improvement,lacking operability;participation of multiple subjects is absent,and system design is insufficient;training models are single and fixed,curriculum resource construction lags behind;and the institutional environment needs further optimization.Therefore,China should further improve supporting systems and mechanisms to enhance forward-looking and operability;enhance multi-subject synergy and build interconnected systems;enrich learning resource supply,innovate training models and forms;optimize the skill ecological environment,and create a skillful talent atmosphere so as to form a system environment conducive to the independent cultivation and self-growth of high-skilled talents.