职业预备教育:体系化视野下中职高质量发展的办学定位

Vocational Preparatory Education:The Educational Positioning of High Quality Development in Secondary vocational education from a Systematic Perspective

高中阶段教育高质量发展要求中职转向职业预备教育定位,这一办学定位受启示于普通高中教育的办学定位。一方面,产业升级使得就业年限延后、人们升学意愿愈加强烈,职业预备教育的内部驱动力逐渐积聚;另一方面,高等职业教育的规模化内涵式发展,特别是职业本科教育的突破,职业预备教育的外部条件也逐渐完善。职业预备教育定位的学理依据是智能化时代职业活动变化推动了职业知识结构变革。产业一线岗位理论技术的增加与高端技能养成的复杂性使得技术技能人才培养的周期延长了,需要重新思考与设计学校职业教育的学制。体系化视野下,支撑职业预备教育定位的关键改革思路包括促进中职实现从就业能力到技术素养的课程模式转型、发挥职教高考制度在中职人才培养质量监测与中高职课程衔接方面的作用以及稳步推进高等教育体系建设,为中职创设优质升学空间。

The high-quality development of high school education requires secondary vocational education to shift its focus to vocational preparatory education.This positioning is inspired by the positioning of regular high school education.On one hand,as industrial upgrading has led to a postponement of employment and an increasing desire for higher education intensifies,the internal driving force of vocational preparatory education gradually accumulates.On the other hand,with the large-scale and connotative development of higher vocational education,especially the breakthrough of vocational undergraduate education,the external conditions of vocational preparatory education are gradually improving.The theoretical basis for the positioning of vocational preparatory education is that changes in vocational activities in the intelligence era have driven the transformation of vocational knowledge structure.With the increase of theoretical technology in frontline industrial positions and the complexity of cultivating high-end skills,the cycle of cultivating technical and skilled talent has been extended,and it is necessary to rethink and design the academic system of vocational education in schools.From a systematic perspective,the key reform ideas that support the positioning of vocational preparatory education include promoting the transformation of curriculum models from employability to technical literacy in secondary vocational education;leveraging the role of the vocational college entrance examination system in monitoring the quality of vocational talent cultivation and connecting vocational and secondary courses;and steadily promoting the construction of a higher education system to create high-quality space for vocational education.