2018—2023年上海市15岁及以上居民膳食黄曲霉毒素暴露风险评估

Dietary exposure assessment of aflatoxins of residents in Shanghai residents aged 15 years and above from 2018 to 2023

目的 了解上海市售食品中黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins,AFs)的污染现状及暴露水平。方法 2018—2023年在上海市采集8大类8114份样品,按照国家标准检测方法进行检测。结合“上海市居民膳食与健康状况监测”15岁及以上居民消费量数据,使用暴露限值法(margin of exposure,MOE)和人群肝癌发病风险法对AFs进行暴露风险评估。结果 黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(aflatoxin B_(1),AFB_(1))、黄曲霉毒素B_(2)、黄曲霉毒素G_(1)、黄曲霉毒素G_(2)、黄曲霉毒素M_(1)的检出率分别为8.6%、2.0%、0.9%、0.2%和0.2%。点评估结果显示,上海市15岁及以上居民膳食中AFB_(1)总暴露量为0.783 ng/(kg·BW·d),其中谷类及其制品、坚果及其制品和植物油膳食暴露量占AFB_(1)的膳食暴露量贡献率分别为60.6%、25.0%和8.5%。黄曲霉毒素总量(total aflatoxins,AFT)的总暴露量为7.363 ng/(kg·BW·d),谷类及其制品、植物油、坚果及其制品膳食暴露量分别为占AFT的膳食暴露量贡献率分别为77.1%、8.4%和7.2%。概率评估结果显示,AFB_(1)和AFT的居民膳食平均暴露量分别为0.734和7.220 ng/(kg·BW·d),P95暴露量分别为1.170和11.500 ng/(kg·BW·d)。城郊结合区居民AFB_(1)暴露量高于中心城区和远郊地区(χ^(2)=16.357,P<0.001),中心城区居民的AFT暴露量低于城郊结合区和远郊地区(χ^(2)=40.996,P<0.001)。上海市15岁及以上居民AFB_(1)和AFT膳食平均暴露量的MOE值为511和54。上海市15岁及以上居民通过膳食摄入被AFB_(1)和AFT污染的食物引起肝癌的风险:0.024例/10万人、0.227例/10万人。结论 上海市售食品中存在AFs污染,谷类及其制品、坚果及其制品、植物油是上海市15岁及以上居民膳食中AFs暴露的主要来源。

OBJECTIVE To understand the contents of aflatoxins(AFs) in foods sold in Shanghai,and to assess the exposure assessment of and its potential health risk among residents over 15 years old in Shanghai.METHODS A total of 8114 samples from 8 categories of food were collected in Shanghai from 2018 to 2023.The samples were detected by GB 5009.24—2016 and GB 5009.22—2016.Combined with the food consumption data of “Shanghai Diet and Health Survey”,the dietary exposure assessment of aflatoxin was conducted using the margin of exposure(MOE) and the risk of liver cancer.RESULTS The detection rates of aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1),aflatoxin B_2(AFB_2),aflatoxin G_1(AFG_1),aflatoxin G_2(AFG_2),and aflatoxin M_(1 )(AFM_1) were 8.6%,2.0%,0.9%,0.2% and 0.2%,respectively.The point assessment showed that the total exposure of AFB_(1) in the diet of residents aged 15 and above in Shanghai was 0.783 ng/(kg·BW·d),with the contribution rates of dietary exposure to grains and their products,nuts and their products,and vegetable oils accounting for 60.6%,25.0% and 8.5% of AFB_1′s dietary exposure,respectively.The total exposure of total aflatoxins(the sum of AFB_1,AFB_2,AFG_(1) and AFG_2)(AFT) was 7.363 ng/(kg·BW·d),and the dietary exposure of grains and their products,vegetable oils,nuts and their products contribute 77.1%,8.4% and 7.2% to the dietary exposure of AFT,respectively.The probability assessment result indicated that the average dietary exposure of residents to AFB_(1) and AFT were 0.734 and 7.220 ng/(kg·BW·d),respectively,and the P95 exposure of residents were 1.170 and 11.500 ng/(kg·BW·d).The AFB_(1) exposure level of residents in suburban areas was higher than that in central urban areas and exurban areas(χ~2= 16.357,P<0.001),the AFT exposure of residents in the central urban area was lower than that in the exurban areas and suburban areas(χ~2= 40.996,P<0.001).According to the MOE method,the MOE values of AFB_(1) and AFT average dietary exposure for residents aged 15 and above in Shanghai were 511 and 54.The risk of liver cancer caused by dietary exposure of AFB_(1) and AFT among residents aged 15 and above in Shanghai were 0.024 cases/10~5 people and 0.227 cases/10~5 people.CONCLUSION There is AFs contamination in food sold in Shanghai,and grains and their products,nuts and their products,and vegetable oils are the main sources of AFs exposure in the diet of residents aged 15 and above in Shanghai.