2018年中国65岁及以上老年人食物多样性与跌倒风险的关联

Association of dietary diversity and falls among Chinese people aged 65 years and above in 2018

目的 了解中国老年人跌倒现状,探讨我国老年人食物多样性与跌倒风险的关联。方法 数据来源于2018年中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS),抽取23个省(自治区、直辖市)的10 698名65岁及以上老年人。以面对面方式入户调查,采用食物频率问卷收集11种食物类别的摄入频次,计算食物多样性评分,按照食物多样性评分的四分位数将老年人分为4组(Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4组);通过问卷调查老年人过去1年内的跌倒情况。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析食物多样性与跌倒风险的关联。结果 被调查老年人年龄(85.03±11.80)岁;男性4686人(43.8%),女性6012人(56.2%);城镇6191人(57.9%);跌倒发生率为22.9%(2454/10698)。调整年龄、性别、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、收入、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、睡眠时间、中心型肥胖前期及中心型肥胖、视力障碍、失能、神经系统疾病、关节疾病后,与食物多样性Q1组老年人相比,Q2组、Q3组和Q4组老年人发生跌倒的风险分别降低17%、15%和24%,OR值分别为0.83(95%CI 0.74~0.94)、0.85(95%CI 0.74~0.97)和0.76(95%CI 0.66~0.89),经趋势检验P<0.01。新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、豆制品的高摄入量与较低的跌倒风险有关,OR值分别为0.76(95%CI 0.66~0.87)、0.81(95%CI 0.73~0.89)和0.88(95%CI 0.80~0.96)。结论 中国65岁及以上老年人食物多样性高得分与低跌倒风险相关。

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of falls and examine the association between the dietary diversity and falls among older Chinese adults.METHODS We used data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),a nationwide survey with 10 698 adults aged ≥65 years old in 23 provinces of China.Dietary diversity score(DDS) was constructed based on 11 items of a food frequency questionnaire.Participants were assigned into 4 groups(Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4) according to the quartile of DDS.The outcome observed was the incidence of fall in the past year acquired by questionnaire.Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between DDS and the risk of falls in the elderly.RESULTS Among the 10 698 participants,4686(43.8%) were male,and 6012(56.2%) were female,with a mean(SD) age of 85.03(11.8).6191(57.9%) of them were came from urban.Fall was reported by 22.9% of the 10698 participants.After adjustment for age,sex,ethnicity,educational background,marital status,residence,sufficient income,smoking,drinking,regular exercise,sleep duration,Precentral obesity and central obesity,vision impairment,disability,nervous system diseases,and arthritis diseases,compared to the Q1 of DDS,OR were 0.83(95% CI 0.74-0.94) for Q2,0.85(95% CI 0.74-0.97) for Q3,and 0.76(95% CI 0.66-0.81) for Q4(P_(trend)<0.01).In addition,a significant association was observed between higher consumption of fresh vegetables,fresh fruits and beans,with lower risk of falls,OR were 0.76(95% CI 0.66-0.87),0.81(95% CI 0.73-0.89) and 0.88(95% CI 0.80-0.96),respectively.CONCLUSION A higher DDS was associated with a lower risk of falls in the Chinese aged 65 years and above.