萌芽谷物中γ-氨基丁酸代谢及应激积累机制的研究进展

Research progress on the metabolism ofγ-aminobutyric acid and the mechanism of stress accumulation in germinated grains

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是人体中枢神经系统的主要抑制性神经递质,具有缓解焦虑、失眠以及抗衰老等功效,因此从饮食中适当摄入GABA对人体健康至关重要,而谷物是适合现代生活饮食需求的食物来源之一,经萌芽后的谷物富含GABA,是绿色环保、味道鲜美的天然健康食品。在谷物萌芽的过程中,GABA通过GABA支路及多胺降解途径合成;关键酶活性、基因表达水平以及外界因素对GABA的代谢积累具有不同影响,并且在非生物胁迫下,谷物中的GABA能够迅速积累。该文综述了GABA的合成代谢途径、对代谢产生影响的不同因素以及GABA在逆境胁迫下的应激积累机制,以期为未来谷物萌芽富集GABA的研究做出参考。

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system.GABA has many effects such as relieving anxiety,insomnia,and anti-aging,etc.Therefore,appropriately intaking of GABA from diet is essential for human health,and grains are one of those food sources.Germinated grains are green,flavorful,natural health foods and they are rich in GABA.During the process of grain germinating,GABA is metabolized through the GABA shunt and polyamine metabolic pathway.This paper described these metabolic pathways of GABA synthesis.Enzyme activities,gene expression levels and external factors have different impacts on the accumulation of GABA.GABA is rapidly accumulated during grain responses to abiotic stress.The different factors which affecting the GABA accumulation metabolism were reviewed.We summarized the recent research on GABA accumulation and mechanism with the goal of providing a review of GABA in grains.