“画圆”与“破圆”--鲁迅小说循环叙事的现代性转化

“Drawing Circles”and“Breaking Circles”:Modern Transformation of the Cycle Narratives in Lu Xun’s Novels

鲁迅循环观深受中国传统文化、尼采永恒轮回哲学理论、进化论思想以及现实生命经验等因素的影响,鲁迅采用了时间的虚指化或模糊化、空间的典型化或象征化、人名的类型化或特征化等让故事时间非历史化的修辞策略,以此凸显循环时空的强大与顽固。鲁迅充分调动循环轮回与线性进化两种充满张力的时间结构元素,巧妙地借助循环时间或传记时间以“画圆”,借助线性时间或传奇时间以“破圆”,并以现代时间意识和美学观念改造了传统循环叙事,使循环观念转化成了叙事的结构方法和增强艺术效果的修辞手段,同时赋予了循环时空结构鲜明的反思批判功能和意识形态性质,开创了全新的现代循环叙事模式,完成了循环叙事的现代性转化,从而把循环叙事推向了一个新的艺术高度。

Lu Xun’s conception of cycles is deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture,Nietzsche’s theory of eternal recurrence,evolutionary thoughts and his real-life experiences.He employs rhetorical strategies such as the nominalization or obfuscation of time,the typification or symbolization of space,and the typification or characterization of names to dehistoricize story time,thus demonstrating the power and per⁃sistence of cyclical space-time.Lu Xun skillfully harnesses the tension between cyclical recurrence and linear evolution by using cyclical or biographical time to“draw circles”and linear or legendary time to“break circles”.He modernizes traditional narratives of circle with contemporary temporal consciousness and aes⁃thetic concepts,transforming the idea of cycles into a structural narrative method and a rhetorical device to enhance artistic effects.This process endows the cyclical space-time structure with distinct reflective and critical functions and ideological significance,achieving the transformation of the narratives of circle.Conse⁃quently,he elevates the narratives of circle to a new artistic height.