清末太原府的人文生态与中路梆子的发生发展

Humanistic Ecology of Taiyuan Prefecture in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Emergence and Development of Zhonglu Bangzi

借助于文化生态学等理论,对清末太原府的人文生态进行考察后发现,清末太原府的经济、民风、风俗等环境,作为外部因素为中路梆子的产生提供了适宜的土壤。而生存于其中的人的活动是这一剧种产生与发展的内在要素,这主要体现为自乐班和商业戏班的活动。二者的活动方式虽然有别,但承班者大多热爱戏曲,他们分别构成了中路梆子发展的自发力量和自觉动力。只有当这二者相互促进、相互作用时,中路梆子才能获得长远发展。中路梆子的发生发展史见证了艺术生态各要素之间的互动关系,也展示出了艺术发展的动力及一般性规律。

This article uses theories from cultural ecology and other related fields to examine the human⁃istic ecology of Taiyuan Prefecture during the late Qing Dynasty and reveals that the economic conditions,customs and cultural environment of the region provided a fertile ground for the emergence of Zhonglu Bangzi.The activities of people living in this environment were the intrinsic factors for the creation and development of this opera,mainly reflected in the activities of amateur troupes and commercial theater troupes.Although their modes of operation differed,most troupe members shared a passion for opera,form⁃ing the spontaneous and conscious forces driving the development of Zhonglu Bangzi.The interaction and mutual promotion between these two forces were essential for the long-term development of Zhonglu Bangzi.The history of the emergence and development of Zhonglu Bangzi highlights the interplay between various elements of the artistic ecosystem and demonstrates the driving forces and general patterns of artistic development.