火灾产物动态影响下的飞机客舱人员应急撤离仿真研究

Simulation study of emergency aircraft cabin evacuation considering the dynamic influence of fire products

为了研究客舱火灾对人员疏散过程的动态影响,利用Pyrosim对单通道客舱燃油泄漏火灾场景进行数值模拟,建立火灾产物数据三维矩阵,分析火灾发展过程及火灾产物对人员疏散行为的动态作用。基于Anylogic搭建人员动态仿真疏散模型,通过组织真人试验验证仿真模型的有效性,并对最近出口疏散、分区疏散、避火疏散三种疏散策略进行仿真,分析不同策略的疏散时间。结果表明:出口通过人数对整体疏散时间影响明显;采用分区疏散策略效果最优,最佳分区位置的相对排数在距前舱门10排和距后舱门11排处;采用避火策略疏散时间最长,起火位置在翼上出口中部和客舱尾部时整体疏散时间最长。该研究为客舱人员火灾疏散提供了理论依据和数据支撑,所建立模型可为客舱火灾疏散提供仿真工具。

To examine the dynamic impact of fire products on the evacuation process of passengers in a single-aisle aircraft cabin during a fire incident,this study initially establishes the physical parameters of the cabin layout,including the number of seats,seat spacing,door dimensions,and overall cabin configuration of the aircraft under investigation.Following this,a physical model of the cabin is constructed using Pyrosim.Numerical simulations of cabin fuel leakage fire scenarios are then performed,involving the configuration of key parameters such as the fire source's heat release rate,product yield rate,model boundary conditions,and grid size.Simulation results yield detailed variations of temperature and CO volume fraction at various locations within the cabin during a fire incident over time,forming a dynamic three-dimensional matrix of fire product data.Subsequently,a personnel evacuation simulation model for cabin fire scenarios is crafted using the AnyLogic platform.The effectiveness of this simulation model is then validated through real-person experiments.This simulation model facilitates the dynamic retrieval of fire product data stored in the previously mentioned three-dimensional matrix through implemented functions and code.Finally,three fire evacuation strategies are devised based on this fire evacuation model:nearest exit evacuation,zoning evacuation,and fire avoidance evacuation.Through 500 random seed experiments using the simulation model,the evacuation times of different evacuation strategies are analyzed,revealing that the zoning evacuation strategy produces the shortest evacuation time.These experimental findings highlight the substantial impact of the number of people passing through the exits on the overall evacuation duration.The zoning evacuation strategy emerges as the most effective,with the optimal relative ranks of the best zoning positions identified as 10 rows from the forward cabin door and 11 rows from the aft cabin door.Conversely,evacuation time is longest when employing the fire avoidance strategy,especially when the fire originates in the middle of the wing exit or the rear of the cabin.The study's findings offer a theoretical foundation and data support for personnel evacuation during cabin fires.Additionally,the established model serves as a valuable simulation tool for evaluating various cabin fire evacuation scenarios.