顾及动态交通路况的高速公路消防救援可达性评估

Assessing fire service accessibility on expressways under dynamic traffic conditions

消防救援可达性评估是优化消防站布局、提升消防服务水平的重要前提。现有研究主要聚焦于面形区域消防救援可达性评估,且多分析消防救援在距离上的可达性,暂无研究以线形、半封闭特征的高速公路为对象,并考虑实时路况来分析消防救援在时间上的可达性。通过划分不同消防救援可达区间,基于时间加权方法建立高速公路消防救援可达性指标评估模型。以长沙市为例,收集了11455个高速公路区间点作为消防救援需求点,53座消防站作为消防救援供给点,并调用在线地图(如百度地图)实时路况数据来模拟消防救援行程时间。结果表明,长沙市高速公路消防救援总体可达性为48.46,消防救援服务水平为“中”,该地区高速公路应对火灾风险能力不强,有必要增加高速公路沿线消防站数量。该研究可为优化高速公路沿线消防站布局提供理论和方法支撑。

Assessing the accessibility of fire services is crucial in optimizing the spatial distribution of fire stations and enhancing the overall level of fire services.In this paper,three fire service response time levels(10 min,20 min,and 30 min,including 1 min of action preparation time)are proposed in combination with the characteristics of expressways.Different fire service accessible intervals(0-540 s,>540-1140 s,>1140-1740 s,and>1740 s)are classified accordingly.Subsequently,a time-weighted assessment model was developed to evaluate the indicators of fire service accessibility for expressways.To validate the effectiveness of the assessment model,the expressways in Changsha city were chosen as the research subject.The specific coordinates,including latitude and longitude,of 53 fire stations in Changsha were collected as the supply points for fire services.Likewise,the precise addresses and coordinates of 11455 expressway interval points were meticulously documented as demand points.Leveraging an online mapping application programming interface,the response time and distance between these supply and demand points were accurately simulated and calculated considering the prevailing traffic conditions.Throughout a continuous week,a total of 169 assessment instances were established,resulting in a comprehensive sample size of 1935895.Based on the assessment outcomes,the overall accessibility of fire services on expressways in Changsha is calculated to be 48.46,indicating a“medium”level of fire services for the region.The visual representations of the findings reveal that expressway segments situated in rural,hilly,and mountainous regions,distanced from urban centers and border regions,predominantly fall within the fire service accessibility range of>1740 seconds.Conversely,the majority of expressway sections surrounding towns and cities are categorized within fire service accessibility intervals of>540-1140 s and>1140-1740 s.In general,the capacity of Changsha expressways to manage fire hazards is moderate,highlighting the necessity to enhance the establishment of fire stations in areas of expressways that are either inaccessible or inadequately accessible for firefighting and rescue operations.This research provides essential theoretical and methodological support for enhancing the distribution of fire stations along expressways.