街区形态对夏季热环境影响相关度的量化研究

Quantitative Study on the Correlation between Urban Form and Summer Thermal Environment Impact

随着快速城市化所带来的城市气候问题日益凸显,人们对街区的微气候环境和热舒适性愈加重视。选取枝江市董市镇老正街进行夏季室外热环境的现场测试,并对不同空间形态街巷的空气温度等实测数据进行整理分析,得出以下结论:(1)街巷高宽比的影响最大,并且与热岛强度成反比;(2)街巷走向的影响次之,并且不同走向街巷的热岛强度存在差异,南北走向街巷受到夏季常年主导风向与大型水体的影响,其热岛强度低于东西走向街巷,而风的影响又具有一定的波动性;(3)街巷立面连续性对夏季室外热环境有一定影响,随着打断街巷立面连续性支巷宽度的增加,街巷内的平均空气温度会升高。

With the increasingly prominent urban climate issues brought about by rapid urbanization,people are paying more attention to the microclimate environment and thermal comfort of neighborhoods.This study selected"Laozheng Street"in Dongshi,Zhijiang City for on-site testing of outdoor thermal environment in summer,mainly organizing and analyzing measured data such as air temperature in different spatial forms of streets and alleys.Here are the conclusions drawn:(1)The aspect ratio of streets and lanes has the greatest impact and it is inversely proportional to the intensity of the heat island effect.(2)The influence of the orientation of streets and lanes is secondary,and there are differences in the heat island effect of streets and lanes with different orientations.Streets and lanes with a north-south orientation are influenced by the dominant wind direction and large water bodies in the neighborhood throughout the summer,resulting in a lower heat island intensity compared to streets and lanes with an eastwest orientation.The influence of wind also has a certain amount of variability.(3)The continuity of the facade of streets and lanes has a certain impact on the outdoor thermal environment in summer.As the width of the supporting lane that breaks the continuity of the facade of the streets and lanes increases,the average air temperature in the streets and lanes will increase.